Vol 3, No 2 (2008)
- Year: 2008
- Articles: 17
- URL: https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/issue/view/6228
Cell technology
Successful obtaining of human blastocysts by SCNT



Obtaining multipotent cells from GPR125+ spermatogenic stem cells



Bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells play a key role in tumor growth progression in a mouse model of pulmonary metastases



The number of hematopoietic stem cells in the bloodstream is subject to daily fluctuations



Determination of the hierarchy among multipotent human hematopoietic cells



Clinical researches
Efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines based on type I dendritic cells: results of clinical trials



Hematopoietic and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell co-transplantation in oncohematological diseases increases the risk of recurrence



Short-term selective T-lymphocyte depletion can lead to regression of metastases in patients with melanoma



ACL or CCI technology: a randomized clinical trial of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for knee injuries



Reviews



Molecular control of pluripotency
Abstract
Self-renewal capacity and pluripotency are the unigue features of embryonic stem cells [ESCs], that possess a prominent potential in the field of regenerative medicine. There are growing amount of data describing cell identity within inner cell mass of blastocyst in vivo and within ESCs population in vitro. Molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cells commitment and differentiation into specialized cell types are intensively studied. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data about genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of mammalian embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance.



Original Study Articles
An influence of trichostatin a on neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells
Abstract
During the last years it has been shown that bone marrow stromal cells, which were earlier designated as mesenchymal stem cells [MSC], can differentiate at nonorthodoxal way in particular into cells which have endodermal or ectodermal origin. Thus, the possibility of induction of neuronal phenotype by growth factors and chemical agents has been revealed. However many questions concerning neuronal differentiation of MSC remain controversial. First of all it is conformity of differentiated stromal cells to nerve cells, since the mechanism of the differentiation remain unclear. Here we had attempt to reveal nuerogenic effects of retinoic acid [PA], a native embryonic morphogen, on MSC by histone acetylation. We used two protocols of combined treatment MSC with RA and trichostatin A [TSA], a specific inhibitor ofhistone deacetylase. In the one case the cells treated with RA and TSA regulatory. According to other protocol TSA was added to culture medium only once with first treatment MSC with RA. In the both ways of induction we observed at day 13 a transformation of 50-70% fibroblastoid stromal cells into cells with neuron-like morphology, although RA and TSA alone did not have differentiating effects. Immunofluorescent study of neuron-like differentiated cells revealed an enhancement of immunoreactivity to neuron-specific markers including NF-M and τ-1. Therefore TSA induced RA-dependent neuronal differentiation of MSC. Morphological and phenotypical changes can reflect a neurogenic influence of RA on stromal cells.



Human placenta as a source of hematopoietic stem cells
Abstract
То date, only a fraction of transplantation patients, however, have access to immunologically-matched HSCs. Bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood (CB) are current sources of HSCs for transplantation. While СВ-derived stem cells have many advantages, their number in a single unit is insufficient for transplantation of an adult patient. Here we show that tissue of human term placenta contains large numbers of CD34+-CD133+ HSCs, which are not part of the fetal or maternal circulation. The number of these placental HSCs in a single unit exceeds by 10-fold the number of HSCs in a CB unit. Cells obtained from either fresh or preserved frozen placental tissue gave rise to erythroid and myeloid lineages in cell culture and lymphoid lineages in immunodeficient mice. Thus, preserved placenta could serve as a potential source for reconstituting hematopoiesis in adult humans.



The morphology and chemistry of a rat spinal cord after thoracal segmentectomy and transplantation of polymeric collagen neuromatrix “Spherogel - E”™ containing incorporated ensheathing neuroepithelial cells
Abstract
Using classical histological methods and immunocytochemical reaction on GAP43 and NFSOO we studied the process of tissue reorganizations and neurochimical changes accompanying the scar formation in rat spinal cord after thoracal segmentectomy and subsequenttransplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells, incorporated in neuromatrix «Sperogel». In spinal cord of control rats formation on gliomesodermal capsulus was the result of classical histoproliferative reaction. The morphology of scar tissue in experimental rats differed markedly from control group, its formations began at early stages and were associated with proliferation of both connective tissue and astrocites, and macrophages infiltration. As result the new tissue included a lot of capillaries and bundles of nerve fibers with GAP43 and NF-300 immunopositivity. We conclude that the better tissue repair, their revascularization and nerve regeneration, were the result of two main factors: 1 - modulating role of neuromatrix; 2 - metabolic and neurotrophic activity of trasplantated olfactory ensheathing cells.



Infection of umbilical cord blood and embryos at early terms of gestation and embrionic hemopoiesis in the fetal liver
Abstract
Polymerase Chain Reaction method was used to check 180 samples of placenta, maternal and umbilical cord blood. Cytomegalovirus was detected: in placenta - 7,2%, no virus was detected in umbilical cord blood of newborn. Also, no EBV was detected in umbilical cord blood, but was detected in maternal blood and placenta (3,6%). RNA of hepatitis C virus was detected in 3,6% of umbilical cord blood and 5,4% of maternal blood and placenta. Total amount of infected samples for umbilical cord blood was 5,4%, for placentas - 20%. In anamnesis of women in childbirth, there was no data on presence of such infectious diseases.
Research of abortive embryos revealed the following: the most extensive infection is mycoplasma (17%), the pathogen is detected on 6 to 12 week of intrauterine development in tissues of liver, kidneys, heart, brain, and haematopoetic cells of embryos. 5% of embryos are affected by chlamydia, 6% - by ureaplasma, 4%-by hepatitis C, 2,5% - by EBV, there's plenty of mixed infections. 47% of embryos were affected by various types of infections, which could be detected as early as 6-10 week of development. The study of cellular composition of populace of haemopoetic cages, abstracted from the embryonic liver of garden-stuffs 7-12 weeks of gestation and his change is set at appearance of infections is conducted. We studied haemopoiesis in the liver taken from embryos between the 6th and 12th weeks of gestation staggered the different types of infections.



Experimental approaches to prove the usage of fibroblast-based cellular compositions in dermatocosmetology
Abstract
The curative usage of skin different cell cultures has been of interest for more than 60 years. The principal cells of epidermis are kératinocytes, in the dermis they are fibroblasts. Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin depend mainly upon the derma health. Thereby fibroblasts are of particular importance to regenerate the skin and its appearance. The article deals with the literature reports and the results of our investigations showing the efficacy of mesotherapy of dystrophic and destructive processes in derma with a suspension of allogenic fibroblasts.



Clinical experience
The dynamics of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with spinal cord injury treated by autologous haematopoietic stem cells
Abstract
The aim of this study was neurophysiologic estimation of ceil restorative therapy influence on afferent pathways of the injured spinal cord. The dynamic somatosensory evoked potentials studies were performed in chronic spinal cord injury patients treated by repeated transplantations of autologous haematopoietic stem cells. The data analysis revealed three stable effects of stem cells: 1) restoration of early cortical components of SEP: 2) Increase of early potentials amplitude; 3) Decrease of early potentials latency. No signs of worsening of spinal pathways function were revealed in any of the patients. The obtained data indicate on the restoration of nerve fibers, constituting the proprioceptive pathways of spinal cord.


