Vol 3, No 2 (2008)

In the review the original author’s analysis of the collected information on factors of regulation pluripotency of embryonic stem cells is submitted.

During the last years it has been shown that bone marrow stromal cells, which were earlier designated as mesenchymal stem cells [MSC], can differentiate at nonorthodoxal way in particular into cells which have endodermal or ectodermal origin. Thus, the possibility of induction of neuronal phenotype by growth factors and chemical agents has been revealed. However many questions concerning neuronal differentiation of MSC remain controversial. First of all it is conformity of differentiated stromal cells to nerve cells, since the mechanism of the differentiation remain unclear. Here we had attempt to reveal nuerogenic effects of retinoic acid [PA], a native embryonic morphogen, on MSC by histone acetylation. We used two protocols of combined treatment MSC with RA and trichostatin A [TSA], a specific inhibitor ofhistone deacetylase. In the one case the cells treated with RA and TSA regulatory. According to other protocol TSA was added to culture medium only once with first treatment MSC with RA. In the both ways of induction we observed at day 13 a transformation of 50-70% fibroblastoid stromal cells into cells with neuron-like morphology, although RA and TSA alone did not have differentiating effects. Immunofluorescent study of neuron-like differentiated cells revealed an enhancement of immunoreactivity to neuron-specific markers including NF-M and τ-1. Therefore TSA induced RA-dependent neuronal differentiation of MSC. Morphological and phenotypical changes can reflect a neurogenic influence of RA on stromal cells.

Using classical histological methods and immunocytochemical reaction on GAP43 and NFSOO we studied the process of tissue reorganizations and neurochimical changes accompanying the scar formation in rat spinal cord after thoracal segmentectomy and subsequenttransplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells, incorporated in neuromatrix «Sperogel». In spinal cord of control rats formation on gliomesodermal capsulus was the result of classical histoproliferative reaction. The morphology of scar tissue in experimental rats differed markedly from control group, its formations began at early stages and were associated with proliferation of both connective tissue and astrocites, and macrophages infiltration. As result the new tissue included a lot of capillaries and bundles of nerve fibers with GAP43 and NF-300 immunopositivity. We conclude that the better tissue repair, their revascularization and nerve regeneration, were the result of two main factors: 1 - modulating role of neuromatrix; 2 - metabolic and neurotrophic activity of trasplantated olfactory ensheathing cells.

The curative usage of skin different cell cultures has been of interest for more than 60 years. The principal cells of epidermis are kératinocytes, in the dermis they are fibroblasts. Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin depend mainly upon the derma health. Thereby fibroblasts are of particular importance to regenerate the skin and its appearance. The article deals with the literature reports and the results of our investigations showing the efficacy of mesotherapy of dystrophic and destructive processes in derma with a suspension of allogenic fibroblasts.

The aim of this study was neurophysiologic estimation of ceil restorative therapy influence on afferent pathways of the injured spinal cord. The dynamic somatosensory evoked potentials studies were performed in chronic spinal cord injury patients treated by repeated transplantations of autologous haematopoietic stem cells. The data analysis revealed three stable effects of stem cells: 1) restoration of early cortical components of SEP: 2) Increase of early potentials amplitude; 3) Decrease of early potentials latency. No signs of worsening of spinal pathways function were revealed in any of the patients. The obtained data indicate on the restoration of nerve fibers, constituting the proprioceptive pathways of spinal cord.