Current strategies for regenerative therapy of spinal cord injury
- Authors: Baklaushev V.P.1,2
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Affiliations:
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies FMBA of Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 18, No 4 (2023)
- Pages: 658-660
- Section: Conference proceedings
- URL: https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/623401
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/gc623401
- ID: 623401
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of death and severe disability amongst young people. The incidence of SCI is 0.6–1.0 per 10,000 individuals. Unfortunately, there are no effective methods of restoring locomotor function for individuals with severe SCI. To address this issue, exoskeleton technology controlled using BCI is actively being developed for prosthetic locomotion. Despite the lack of encouraging data for severe spinal cord injuries, regenerative technologies continue to hold promise for spinal cord repair. The limited options for regenerating the central nervous system in humans necessitate creating new sources of neural stem cells for regeneration. Reprogramming autologous somatic cells neurologically can effectively serve as such a source [1]. Nevertheless, the constitution of neuroglial progenitors, which are necessary for regenerating damaged axons of the pyramidal tract, still requires clarification [2]. Some interesting efforts are underway to directly reprogram glial cells in situ using a variety of biotechnological approaches [3]. Overcoming or preventing the formation of a harsh scar tissue at the injury site is the key obstacle to successful regeneration therapy for SCI. Various scaffolds are being developed to facilitate axon regeneration, and several gene therapy agents are being tested to either knock down scar formation factors or activate extracellular matrix remodeling and reparative regeneration.
Neuromodulation shows promise for SCI treatment. Studies indicate that epidural stimulation of the L2-S1 spinal cord in humans and mammals activates SPG neurons, aiding spinal walking generator functions. A potentially successful treatment approach involves scaffolds with reprogrammed cells and neuromodulation [4].
Full Text
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of death and severe disability amongst young people. The incidence of SCI is 0.6–1.0 per 10,000 individuals. Unfortunately, there are no effective methods of restoring locomotor function for individuals with severe SCI. To address this issue, exoskeleton technology controlled using BCI is actively being developed for prosthetic locomotion. Despite the lack of encouraging data for severe spinal cord injuries, regenerative technologies continue to hold promise for spinal cord repair. The limited options for regenerating the central nervous system in humans necessitate creating new sources of neural stem cells for regeneration. Reprogramming autologous somatic cells neurologically can effectively serve as such a source [1]. Nevertheless, the constitution of neuroglial progenitors, which are necessary for regenerating damaged axons of the pyramidal tract, still requires clarification [2]. Some interesting efforts are underway to directly reprogram glial cells in situ using a variety of biotechnological approaches [3]. Overcoming or preventing the formation of a harsh scar tissue at the injury site is the key obstacle to successful regeneration therapy for SCI. Various scaffolds are being developed to facilitate axon regeneration, and several gene therapy agents are being tested to either knock down scar formation factors or activate extracellular matrix remodeling and reparative regeneration.
Neuromodulation shows promise for SCI treatment. Studies indicate that epidural stimulation of the L2-S1 spinal cord in humans and mammals activates SPG neurons, aiding spinal walking generator functions. A potentially successful treatment approach involves scaffolds with reprogrammed cells and neuromodulation [4].
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Funding sources. The work was supported by FMBA of Russia (project “Neuromodulation-primates”).
About the authors
V. P. Baklaushev
Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies FMBA of Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: baklaushev@fccps.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow
References
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- Baklaushev V.P., Durov O.V., Kalsin V.A., et al. Disease modifying treatment of spinal cord injury with directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells in non-human primates // World Journal of Stem Cells. 2021. Vol. 13, N 5. P. 452–469. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.452
- Qian H., Kang X., Hu J., et al. Reversing a model of Parkinson’s disease with in situ converted nigral neurons // Nature. 2020. Vol. 582, N 7813. P. 550–556. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2388-4. Erratum in: Nature. 2020. Vol. 584, N 7820. P. E17. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2583-3
- Siddiqui A.M., Islam R., Cuellar C.A., et al. Newly regenerated axons via scaffolds promote sub-lesional reorganization and motor recovery with epidural electrical stimulation // NPJ Regenerative Medicine. 2021. Vol. 6, N 1. P. 66. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00176-6
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