Rol' bazal'nykh kletok obonyatel'nogo epiteliya v neyrogeneze



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Abstract

Обонятельная слизистая оболочка является оптимальным источником аутологичных нейральных стволовых клеток для трансплантации при повреждениях и дегенеративных заболеваниях ЦНС. В качестве возможных кандидатов для заместительной терапии рассмотрены обкладочные нейроэпителиальные, горизонтальные и шаровидные базальные клетки. Обкладочные нейроэпителиальные клетки способствуют аксональной регенерации нейронов и ремиелинизации аксонов, но не относятся к стволовым. Горизонтальные и шаровидные базальные клетки являются единственными мультипотентными прогениторами обонятельного эпителия. Они способствуют возобновлению нейрональных и не нейрональных клеток, как в норме, так и при восстановлении после травмы нервной ткани. Имеются экспериментальные данные и о существовании мезенхимоподобных стволовых/прогениторных клеток в базальной мембране обонятельной слизистой. Нейральные клетки взрослого обонятельного эпителия способны дифференцироваться в нейрональном и глиальном направлении, причем из них возможно получение нейронов различного типа.

About the authors

L M Obukhova

Email: ObuhovaLM@yandex.ru

I V Mukhina

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