Physiological role of hydrogen sulfide in nervous system



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Abstract

The review provides modern data and the results of author's research on physiological and pathological roles of the new gasotransmitter - hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the central and peripheral nervous system. H2S is synthesized by three enzymes: cystathionine p-syntase, cystathionine y-lyase and 3-mercaptopiruvat sulftransferase/cysteine aminotransferase. In nerve systems the main source of synthesis H2S is cystathionine p-syntase and high level enzyme expression observed in the embryonic and early postnatal period of organism development that is apparently necessary for the growth and maturation of neural networks for the protection of neurons and astrocytes in the conditions of oxidative stress. Cystathionine p-syntase gene mutation in humans leads to an autosomal recessive metabolic diseases, mental dysfunction, vascular lesions and hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this review is to present the currents data about the effects of H2S on ion channels, transmitter release, its participation in the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, as well as its antioxidative and neuroprotective action in central and peripheral nervous systems.

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About the authors

A. V Yakovlev

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

G. F Sitdikova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

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