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Vol 9, No 1 (2014)

Articles

Myogenic satellite cells are a cambial reserve of muscle tissue

Odintsova I.A., Chepurnenko M.N., Komarova A.S.

Abstract

The review deals with cell sources of histogenesis and regeneration of striated skeletal muscle tissue. Heterogeneity of cambial cells of this tissue as well as an important role of their microenvironment to provide their activation, proliferation, differentiation and specialization is displayed. Issues of myogenic satellite cells cytogenesis within the embryonic and postnatal development are discussed. The data on molecular markers of myosatellitocytes and some other tissue components are provided. Issues of non-myogenic sources of skeletal muscle tissue histogenesis are discussed. The significance of studying a cambial cell reserve for the development of effective treatment modalities of muscular dystrophy is emphasized. An experimental material should be analyzed with consideration of the fundamental theoretical concepts on the regularities of histogenesis, cell differons, the theory of stem cell.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):6-14
pages 6-14 views

The models for the study of biological properties of human hematopoietic stem cells

Ustyugov A.Y., Rumyantsev S.A.

Abstract

The article describes different experimental in vivo models applied to achieve knowledge of hemopoiesis and stem cell source-dependent mechanisms of engraftment. Although all the models have relative advantages and drawbacks, they all have one common feature - the cord blood engraftment kinetics are better, than those of bone marrow stem cells, while those are superior to peripheral blood mobilized stem cells. In spite of all the progress achieved by prolonged research, the cause of relatively low level of the human cells generated in these models is still unclear. The solution to this problem may be found with the aid of gene engineering achievements.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):15-22
pages 15-22 views

Tissue engineering of vascular vessels: the methods of cells and scaffold combining

Nasredinov A.S., Lavreshin A.V.

Abstract

Cell seeding is one of the most important stages in tissue engineering. Attempting to achieve fast, efficient and reliable result researchers in vascular tissue engineering use advantages of the tubular geometry of the grafts with conjunction of physical forces, such as pressure difference, centrifugal, electrostatic, magnetic forces and their combinations. This review describes the main trends and challenges in scaffold developing, main cellular types used for vascular tissue engineering and various methods for cell seeding, their advantages and drawbacks.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):23-34
pages 23-34 views

Autologous dermal fibroblasts stimulate regeneration of degenerative Achilles tendon

Volkova N.A., Yukhta M.S., Blonskiy R.I., Kostrub A.A., Goltsev A.N.

Abstract

Cell therapy with applying autologous skin fibroblasts could be an alternative or additional way to the standard therapy of tendon degenerative changes. The research was aimed to study a therapeutic effect of local administration of cultured and cryopreserved autologous skin fibroblasts in dynamics under tendopathy. Rats with modeled а^!^ tendon degenerative and dystrophic injury received by 0.25х10 6 of native or cryopreserved autologous skin fibroblasts into the defect area. The animals with administered physiological saline served as the control. 21 and 45 days after therapy there were implemented the histological, immunofluorescent and biomechanical studies. The data analysis testified to the fact, that cultured and cryopreserved autologous skin fibroblasts contributed to activating reparative processes in damaged tendons. On the first time point (21 day) the application of cryopreserved cells resulted in less pronounced therapeutic effect as compared to cultured fibroblasts. To the 45 day of study in аchilles tendons' histological structure of animals received both cultured and cryopreserved autologous skin fibroblasts we observed the presence of cell elements, reduction of disorganization phenomena, normalization of structure and position of collagen I type fibers. In addition, the animals' tendons with therapy by cultured and cryopreserved autologous skin fibroblasts had a positive dynamics in biomechanical indices: we observed a gradual positive strength recovery during tension, which to the 45 day of therapy did not statistically and significantly differ from the corresponding indices in the intact animals.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):35-40
pages 35-40 views

Experimental studyof titanium nickelideimplantsfor mandibula reconstruction

Dyuryagin N.M., Stepanov S.S., Semchenko V.V., Dyuryagina Y.N.

Abstract

Reconstruction of the resectedmandiblefragmentsof rabbitsby NiTi implant leaded to bone restoration that occurred 4 times fasterthanunder naturalreparative processwithequal results. To minimize the effectof the implantonreparative processin the second casethe construction was fixedinpositionof the frontaldislocation, i.e.anteriorlyto the resectedbranchprojection. Long-termfunctional effect (62-65 months) in all casesjustifys the prospectsof medical devicefor clinical application.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):41-47
pages 41-47 views

Comparative analysis of osteogenic potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from oral mucosa and bone marrow

Zorin V.L., Zorina A.I., Eremin I.I., Bozo 1 I.Y., Solovieva E.V., Hromova N.V., Kopnin P.B.

Abstract

This article is focused on comparative analysis of osteogenic potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) derived from different sources: gingival mucosa and bone marrow. MMSC immunophenotype, proliferation potential and osteogenic differentiation capacity were investigated in this work. Ability of MMSC adhesion to p-tricalcium phosphate was also examined. Osteoinductive potential of tissue-engineered bone grafts (MMSCs + p-tricalcium phosphate) was shown in experiments carried out on NOD-SCID mice in heterotopic bone formation test. Results of this research demonstrated that both type of MMSC had similar surface markers and osteogenic differentiation capacity. However MMSC derived from gingival mucosa were characterized by higher proliferative activity and higher adhesion level to p-tricalcium phosphate. Taking into consideration that MMSC could be obtained easier from gingival mucosa, this source of stem cells is probably the most promising for tissue engineering of bone grafts for stomatology and maxillofacial surgery (at least in case of investigated scaffold).
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):50-57
pages 50-57 views

Experimental study of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic cirrhosis treatment

Agaev B.A., Agaev R.M., Popandopulo A.G., Djafarli R.E.

Abstract

Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease characterized by replacement of liver parenchyma by fibrous tissue. Standard conservative treatments are not effective. In this regard, it's actual to develop the new approaches, the most effective of which may be turned out the cellular technologies. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) introduced via the common hepatic artery or portal vein in the treatment of experimentally induced liver cirrhosis in rats. According to biochemical, ultrasound and histological methods, MMSC were shown to be effective in liver cirrhosis. Interestingly, the more pronounced positive dynamics was observed with intraarterial administration of cells.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):58-63
pages 58-63 views

Detsellyulyarizatsiya of aortic allografts and their morphological assessment

Lavreshin A.V., Nasredinov A.S., Kurapeev D.I., Anisimov S.V., Mitrofanov L.B., Beschuk O.V.

Abstract

Большое количество осложнений, ассоциированных с имплантацией искусственных клапанов сердца, диктует необходимость развития новых технологий в производстве и применении артифициальных клапанов. В статье рассматривается эффективность одного из методов тканевой инженерии - децеллюляризации. Предложена новая комбинация реагентов для быстрого и эффективного удаления клеток из структуры корня аорты без повреждения экстра-целлюлярного матрикса. Корень аорты человека подвергался децеллюляризации с использованием комбинации детергентного и энзиматического методов. Оценивалось их влияние на структуру створок и стенки аорты с помощью гистологических и им-муногистохимических методов. Получены оптимальные комбинации реагентов, позволяющие эффективно удалять клеточные элементы из структур корня аорты с минимальным воздействием на матрикс. Были апробированы различные комбинации реагентов для децеллюляризации корня аорты. Протокол децеллюляризации требует дополнительного совершенствования для унификации и достижения аналогичного эффекта на восходящей аорте.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):64-71
pages 64-71 views

The action of Bacillus’ metzinc metalloproteinase on cultured animal cell lines

Danilova J.I., Kirillova J.M., Rudakova N.L., Bogomolnaya L.M., Balaban N.P., Sharipova M.R.

Abstract

Microbial enzymes with high activity are increasingly used in medical practice in development of drugs for treatment of burn injuries, diseases of gastrointestinal tract, as well as in systemic enzyme therapy. One of crucial requirements for such drugs is the absence of toxicity, both on cellular and organism levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxic effect of Bacillus pumilus metzinc metalloproteinase on animal cell lines. Cytological changes in LEK, Vero and PK-15 cell lines were observed after cell treatment with 155 ^/ml enzyme. However, lower enzyme concentrations - 75 and 15 ^/ml did not show any toxicity.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):72-76
pages 72-76 views

BIOLOGIChESKIE EFFEKTY TROMBOTsITARNOGO LIZATA PRI DOBAVLENII V SREDU KUL'TIVIROVANIYa KLETOK ChELOVEKA

Sergeeva N.S., Shanskiy Y.D., Sviridova I.K., Kirsanova V.A., Ahmedova S.A., Kuvshinova E.A., Meisner I.S.

Abstract

Лизат тромбоцитов (ЛТ) человека, содержащий ряд биологически активных веществ, позиционируется как возможная замена фетальной телячьей сыворотки (ФТС) при культивировании клеток, предназначенных для клеточной терапии и регенеративной медицины. Ранее нами были установлены принципиальные различия в биохимическом составе ЛТ и ЭТС. В данной работе показано, что концентрации эстрадиола, тестостерона и инсулина в ЛТ в несколько раз выше, чем в ЭТС. Уровни тромбоцитарного фактора роста (PDGF AA, AB), трансформирующего фактора роста-р1 и сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста в ЛТ в 10-50 раз выше, чем в ЭТС; PDGF BB в ЛТ не выявлен, а концентрации инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1 в ЛТ и ЭТС сходны. ЛТ поддерживает in vitro пролиферацию иммортализованных фибробластов кожи человека (ФЧ), мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (ММСК) жировой ткани человека и эпидермоидной карциномы гортани НЕр-2. Время удвоения культур ФЧ и ММСК в присутствии ЛТ (10%) по сравнению с ЭТС (10%) снижается в 1,5-2,0 раза. ЛТ в отличие от ЭТС не поддерживает пролиферацию 3 из 4 культур человеческих опухолевых клеток: аденокарциномы молочной железы MCF-7, карциномы легкого линий А-549 и АОТ-75. ЛТ, как и ЭТС, не препятствует индукции остеогенной и адипогенной диф-ференцировки ММСК in vitro, сохраняя, таким образом, их пластичность. После термоинактивации (56°С, 1 ч) способность стимулировать пролиферацию у ЛТ исчезает, а у ЭТС - сохраняется. Обсуждаются возможные причины различий в эффектах ЛТ и ЭТС как ростовых добавок к среде культивирования.
Genes & Cells. 2014;9(1):77-85
pages 77-85 views

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