Prospects for the use of gene and cell therapy for the treatment of muscular dystrophy

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Abstract

The review discusses modern approaches to the treatment of muscular dystrophy, a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular diseases that manifest themselves as progressive muscle weakness, as well as their partial loss, which in many cases leads to death. There are currently no effective medical methods for the treatment of dystrophies. However, there are several investigated therapeutic options for the treatment of muscular dystrophy, including gene therapy and transplantation of myogenic progenitor cells - cell therapy. The article discusses the achievements and difficulties on the way of introducing gene therapy into the clinical practice of treatment of muscular dystrophy. Special attention is paid to cell therapy, a promising direction of regenerative medicine, which gives hope for the cure of many previously incurable hereditary and acquired diseases. Potential sources of human somatic and embryonic stem/progenitor cells that can be used both as objects of application of genetic engineering methods and for cell therapy of muscular dystrophy are discussed. The problems that stand in the way of the successful introduction into clinical practice of the treatment of muscular dystrophy of human stem/progenitor cells are discussed.

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A. N. Sukach

Institute of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Author for correspondence.
Email: redaktor@celltranspl.ru

department of cryobiochemistry

Ukraine, Kharkov

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2. Fig. 1. Diagram of the structural role of dystrophin in the stabilization of muscle fiber sarcolemma

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3. Fig. 2. Signaling factors and cellular events involved in the embryonic formation of skeletal muscle. Pax3 expression in progenitor cells contributes to myogenic cell expansion. After induction by primary myogenic factors Myf5 and/or MyoD, mesodermal somite cells commit to myogenic lines (myoblasts). Later, the action of secondary myogenic regulatory factors (myogenin and MRF4) induces the final differentiation of myoblasts into myocytes, which later merge to form multinucleated muscle fibers. During the later phase of embryonic myogenesis, a subpopulation of myoblasts originating from satellite cells merges with existing muscle fibers, which allows them to grow. Some satellite cells remain bound to muscle fibers in a dormant undifferentiated state. The embryonic origin of satellite cells has not yet been proven, but Pax7 expression is necessary for the specification/expansion of the satellite cell population [54]

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