Vol 2, No 1 (2007)

The review represents development of different views on the potential of cardial muscle tissue regeneration as well as up-to-date data on existence and functioning of resident precursors of cardiomyocytes.

The article represents the results of comparative estimation of effects of intramyocardial autotransplantation of bone marrow pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells and nucleated cell on reparation of myocardium after infarction. Rabbits of the Chinchilla species were used in the experiments. Myocardial infarction was modeled by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The results were assessed by a scar tissue area and the index of left ventricle dilatation in 12 months after cells transplantation. To evaluate an extend of myocardial infarction the cells were stained with 1, 3, 5, tripheniltetrasole chloride. There were three groups of animals. Into the affected* zone of the 1^st group animals (control, n=13) α-МЕМ medium was injected; to the animals of the 2^nd group (n=14) the culture of pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow was introduced (2x10⁶), the 3-rd group animals (n=14) were given bone marrow nucleated cells (2x10⁶). It has been shown that transplantation of pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow reduces a scar area and left ventricle dilatation as compared with the control. Bone marrow nucleated cells having been transplanted, the necrosis extends, scar area increases, every cardiac chamber substantially dilates.

Morphologic investigations of hypoderm tissues reaction to implantation of different material which might be potentially used as scaffolds were held. 78 lab rats were used in the experiment. Several materials were tested in the experiment, such as gold, stainless steel, stainless steel covered with nitrid titanium, different plastics — ethacril, phtorax, and colorless plastic. According to the experimental results gold and phtorax are less reactogenic.

Systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is known to promote reparative process in a number of tissue damage as well as lung tissue one. It provided the basis for our study which was aimed to the effect of systemic transplantation of autologous MSC (intravenous transfusion) in complex therapy of patients with resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Started three years ago, 27 tuberculous patients are being under our observation now; 15 patients were classified as having multidrug resistance, 12 cases - as being X-drug resistant. Bacterioexcretion and substantial pulmonary cavitation were observed in every patient, most of them (n=17) having chronic tuberculosis of 13 months to 5 years duration, the rest 10 patients diagnosed 6 to 12 months before including them to the study. All these patients had previously been undertreated or unsuccessfully treated, with one patient having one lung removed. Undergone systemic transplantation of 150-200 million of cultured MSCs derived from autlogous bone marrow the patients continued conservative therapy started before. 16 patients have been under observation for 1.5 -2 years and longer after transplantation, the rest 11 patients observed not less than 6 months. MSC- introduction gave positive clinical effects in all 27 cases: somatic status improvement, dyspnoea reduction, relieving of weakness and indisposition, putting on weight (24 cases). 3-4 months after transplantation bacterioexcretion was noticed to stop in 20 patients, in 11 patients long-termed cavities healed later. At present 9 of 16 patients who had MSC transplantation 1.5-2 years ago can be stated to have stable remission of tuberculosis, 6 patients of this group demonstrate significant positive bacteriological and morphological dynamics. Only in one of 16 cases MSC transplantation resulted in short clinical improvement. Thus, MSC transplantation as a part of antitubercular therapy can be perspective in enhancing treatment of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.