Vol 14, No 2 (2019)

The biographical article is dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Timofeevich Talalaev and is dedicated to the release of his main scientific work - the monograph «Acute Rheumatism», studied histogenesis of rheumatic granulomas (Aschoff body). The article presents the main periods of the life of V.T. Talalaeva and directions of work. The analysis of his contribution to the development of ideas about the pathomorphogenesis of acute rheumatism, as well as the formation of the modern look of the pathoanatomical service has been carried out. For the first time, previously unpublished materials from the archive of the MONIKI museum, where V.T. Talalaev spent most of his work and formed one of the most powerful centers for the development of pathomorphology at that time.

The central component of the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis is a morphological study of the affected organ, which is aimed at assessing the volume of tumor infiltration and the pattern of damage, which may reflect the biological properties of the tumor and the prognosis of the disease. The material for the study was trephination biopsies and bone marrow smears of 5 patients with systemic mastocytosis, aged 17 to 68 years. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azure by Romanovsky, and immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies to CD25 (Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain), CD2 (T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5), CD117 (Mast/ stem cell growth factor receptor) and tryptase. Bone marrow smears stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa. At the time of the diagnosis, the 2016 WHO revision classification was used. In all patients, a tumor was detected in SM. In the indolent form, the bone marrow diseases were located singly and discretely, and they also formed perisinusoidal and perivascular clusters up to 10-15 cells, the total number of which did not exceed 15% of all nucleated cells. On the contrary, in case of smouldering form (n=2), a nodular lesion pattern was revealed, in which mas-tocytes formed para- and intertrabecular foci of various shapes with sizes up to 200-300 cells, with a total volume of tumor infiltration of 36 and 43%. In two patients with an aggressive form of the disease, the infiltration volume of CM was 65 and 75%, while in both cases diffuse growth was observed, with a subtotal substitution of most of the bone marrow lacunae, with narrowing of hemopoiesis, as well as the appearance of secondary dysplasia features in erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. Thus, the clinical manifestations of the disease correlate with the volume and pattern of CM damage in SM.

Dysferlinopathies are a group of muscular dystrophies with autosomal-recessive inheritance caused by mutations in DYSF gene. Dysferlin is a 237 kDa transmembrane protein responsible for reparation of the sarcolemma. It has calcium-sensitive C2 domains and after dysferlin binding with calcium ions the first one activates vesicles fusion and patch mechanism repair. There are number of knockout animal strains with dysferlin gene mutations. Bla/J mice have the ETn retrotransposon inserted in intron 4 of the DYSF gene of wild-type mice - C57Bl/6. The pathogenesis ascertainment of dysferlinopathies is important not only for revealing of physiological function of dysferlin, but its deficiency influence on reparative regeneration of skeletal muscles. In this paper the description of main pathohistological processes in skeletal muscle that take place in mice with dysferlinopathy after acute myotoxic injury is present. This article reviews quantitative evaluation of main pathomorphological processes in reparative regeneration: alteration (necrotized muscle fibers ratio), proliferation (Ki-67-positive myonuclei ratio), differentiation (mean cros-sectional area, percentage of centrinucleated muscle fibers, myo-genin-positive nuclei ratio, slow/fast muscle fibers ratio). It was identified that dysferlin-deficient mice have increased alteration level with more necrotized muscle fibers (35,1% (29,4%; 42,9%) in Bla/J vs. 25,8% (17,9%; 37,4%) in C57Bl/6 on 2 day after alteration, p<0,05) and decreased proliferation index and myogenic differentiation (3,2% (0,06%; 6,9% of myogenin-positive nuclei in Bla/J vs. 6,3% (1,3%; 15,3%) in C57Bl/6 on 4 day after injection) by contrast to control group.

The development of barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration remains an urgent task. A several authors proposed to use for this purpose xenomaterials from the small intestinal submucosa (SIS). The properties of such materials depend on the technology of donor cell removal (decellularization) and the condition of their extracellular matrix after processing (the presence or absence of proinflammatory damaged matrix components). The aim of this work was to study of biological properties of tissue-engineered xenogenic membranes made from porcine SIS by our patented technology (Cardioplant LLC, Russia) in experiments in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments was performed on cultures of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of the bone marrow and human skin fibroblasts, assessing viability, proliferative and mitotic activity of cells cultured on the surface of materials during 1 -7 days. The lyophilized barrier membrane bioPLATE MEMBRANE Barrier (Cardioplant LLC, Russia) used as control. To study of biocompatibility of experimental membranes in vivo, heterotopic implantation of materials to male Wistar rats was performed. The cell and tissue reactions and the degree of biointegration and the resorption of experimental materials were evaluated by rateover 14, 30, 60, and 90 days of implantation. The results indicate a higher biocompatibility of SIS-membrane compared with pericardial materials, and indicate the promise of using the porcine small intestinal submucosa to develop implants for guided tissue regeneration.

Physiological function of angiotensin II, in particular, the role of angiotensin II in the maturation of cows' eggs is not sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of angiotensin II on the maturation of the nuclei of cows' eggs in vitro in serum-free medium aMEM with hormonal additives or without them. In the first series of experiments, the cows' eggs matured in vitro in a medium containing hormonal additives with three different concentrations of angiotensin II (10-11, 10-9, 10-7 М). The criterion of successful maturation was the ability of the eggs to reach the stage of metaphase II. Our results demonstrate that angiotensin II in concentrations of 10-11, 10-9, 10-7 М does not affect the maturation of the egg nucleus in vitro if the maturation medium contained hormonal additives (57,1% eggs with the first polar body in the control vs 64,6% in the experiment; 60,8% vs 58,6%; 65,2% vs 66,7%, respectively). In the second series of experiments, the eggs were cultured in a medium without hormonal additives, where angiotensin II was added to a concentration of 10-7 М. Angiotensin II at a concentration of 10-7М significantly suppressed the release of the first polar body (43,6% in the control vs 29,3% in the experiment, P<0,05). This allows us to make a preliminary conclusion that the hormones cancel the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on the maturation of the nucleus of cows' eggs in vitro. Further research is needed on the mechanisms by which angiotensin II regulates the maturation of cows' eggs. The question of angiotensin II as a possible component of culture media remains open.