Vol 1, No 2 (2006)

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Cellular regeneration therapy is a promising new way to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system. This review examines various experimental and clinical approaches to cell regeneration therapy, such as: local cytokine therapy, stimulation of the release of resident bone marrow stem cells and stem cell transplantation itself. The paper presents a detailed analysis of various types of donor cells used for cellular cardiomyoplasty in experimental and clinical studies. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of methods of cell delivery to the area of the damaged myocardium and methods of graft imaging.

The effectiveness of the use of bone marrow cells (CMC) in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis was investigated. It was shown that transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow cells from AKR mice resistant to tuberculosis to C57BL/6 mice sensitive to tuberculosis and infected with mycobacterium strain H37Rv significantly prolonged the life of infected experimental animals and reduced the number of mycobacteria seeded from organs compared with untreated animals. The study of humoral immunity showed that the introduction of allogeneic bone marrow cells leads to nonspecific polyisotypic stimulation of anti-tuberculosis antibodies, which is important in creating a protective humoral background. There was also a pronounced production of IgG2a antibodies in comparison with the level of IgG1 antibodies during therapy with bone marrow cells, which indicates the presence of a Tb1 response, which is clearly protective in tuberculosis. A high level of IgG2a antibodies correlated with a high level of a specific cellular immune response, assessed by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (HRT).

It has been shown that hematopoietic stem cells (SCCS) are involved in the physiological and reparative regeneration of non-hematopoietic tissues and organs through transdifferentiation and/or cell fusion. In this regard, it seems interesting to evaluate the kinetics of bone marrow CCM in severe trauma. Three experimental models were used in the study: injury to mice followed by uneven irradiation in lethal doses with 1/2 shin screening (A), irradiation of mice in lethal doses followed by transplantation of bone marrow cells from injured mice (B), injury to mice followed by irradiation in sublethal doses (C). The migration of CCM was assessed by registering hematopoietic colonies growing on the spleen of irradiated mice from endo- or exogenous SCCS. In experimental models A and B, it was shown that a significantly larger number of endocolonies are formed in the spleens of injured mice in comparison with mice of control groups. In the experimental model B, it was shown that the bone marrow of injured mice contains a significantly smaller number of CCM capable of migration. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that severe polytrauma induces CCM migration in mice.

Nowadays, hundreds of experimental and clinical studies are devoted to the problems of stem cells [SC], both embryonic and tissue origin. Interest in this arose in connection with the comprehension and the possibility of reproducing two main qualities of SC: the ability to reproduce themselves for a long time and their multipotency, i.e. the ability to differentiate into any cell of the body. The first quality makes it possible to accumulate SC in culture. Secondly, it inspires with its allure the treatment of a very wide range of diseases, injuries, heart attacks, nervous and endocrine disorders, including diabetes. Tissue cloning removes all incompatibility problems during transplants.

Umbilical cord blood (PC) is used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation in the treatment of a number of hematological and hereditary diseases.

The article presents an overview of the main cellular preparations for the correction of skeletal tissues in the interests of patients with traumatic orthopedic and maxillofacial profile. The analysis of ways to create such drugs is carried out.