


Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
- Year: 2012
- Articles: 10
- URL: https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/issue/view/6174
Articles
V Ezhegodnyy Mezhdunarodnyy Simpozium«Aktual'nye voprosy gennykh i kletochnykhtekhnologiy»
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):11-55



Realities and prospects of gene therapy in cardiovascular surgery
Abstract
The relevance pathology of the cardiovascular system,
the development of effective treatments for patients with
coronary heart disease, chronic lower limb ischemia are
undeniable. New approaches are developed considering
limitations of feasibility and efficacy of standard methods
of treatment (surgical and conservative). Gene therapy is
one of the most promising. This review covers the results
of experimental and clinical studies to assess the position of
gene therapy in cardiovascular surgery and medicine today
and in the future.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):58-62



Treatment of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using of genetically modified umbilical cord bloodmononuclear cells in the preclinical studies
Abstract
Development of the fundamental and clinical «regenerative
medicine» is based on the progress of gene, stem cell and
gene-cell biotechnologies. However, the reliable preclinical
investigations on animal models and more over clinical trials
stay far away from the available nowadays gene and cell
constructions. Neuroscience is one of the fast growing fields
of knowledge in biology and medicine. Pioneer experiments
in neuroscience promises breakthrough in the innovative
methods for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in
near future. This review addresses strategies for gene-cell
therapy of neurodegenerative diseases by the example of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Precisely gene modification of
mononuclear fraction of umbilical cord blood cells (UCBC)
by dual cassette plasmid vectors is observed. Based on
our own results of transplantation of genetically modified
UCBC overexpressing recombinant neural cell adhesion
molecule L1, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast
growth factor 2, and glial derived neurotrophic factor in
different combinations we provide the experimental data
for usefulness of transplantation of gene modified UCBC
for treating neurodegenerative diseases. In the review we
discuss the efficacy of gene modification of UCBC not only
for secretion of recombinant proteins, but in increasing of
transplanted cells survivability, their migration possibilities
and capability to differentiate in endothelial, microglial and
macroglial cell types.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):63-70



Current situation and prospects for cell therapy of the cerebral palsy
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is pathological condition caused by the
irreversible damage or dysembryogenesis of the brain. Today
there is no effective therapy of the patients suffering from
cerebral palsy, and the researchers and clinicists have to
search the alternative methods of treatment. Cell therapy
with the use of different types of stem cells is the promising
yet not well-examined approach to the correction of the
status of patients. In this review the possible future methods
of stem cell therapy of cerebral palsy are discussed.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):71-74



Quantative effect of improving osteoinductive property of a material due to applicationof recombinant morphogenetic bone protein rhВМР-2
Abstract
At present, novel osteoinductive materials containing
recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are
actively being developed for «regenerative medicine»,
traumatology and orthopedics. To evaluate the effect
of rhBMPs in materials, the great interest is to study
osteoinductive properties of the materials in experimental
models in vivo. In this paper we show that application of bone
morphogenetic protein rhBMP-2 in demineralized cancellous
bone blocks provides great improving osteoinductivity of the
material in the ectopic model subcutaneous implantation in
rats. This improvement was reflected in multifold acceleration
of mineralization and in active forming a new structured
collagen matrix in the material. The model of ectopic
subcutaneous implantation to rats is very convenience test
system to detect increase in osteoinductivity of materials
caused by application of rhBMP-2, and to identify features of
ectopic bone formation in these materials.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):75-81



Experimental and histological analysis of the heterotopic transplantation results of cartilagecovered with protein-platelet membrane
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experiments on free
transplantation of auto- and allogeneic cartilage ear treated and
not treated with platelet-rich plasma, which forms a proteinplatelet
membrane (BTO) after polymerization on a cartilage
fragment. We used histological and immunohistochemical
analysis (identification of CD163+-cells). Dynamics of tissue
reactions was defined. It was shown that allogeneic and
resorbed cartilage without BTO in subcutaneous implantation
the most rapidly, but autocartilage with the BTO degraded
the most slowly. At the same time, continuing for at least 2
weeks the BTO is a substrate for the formation of a connective
tissue capsule. The dynamics of tissue events is consistent
with classical ideas about the course of reparative processes
after injury: alteration, phagocytosis of tissue detritus as an
integral link of the inflammatory response and granulation
tissue development, its «maturation».
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):82-91



Post-traumatic reactions of a rat spinal cord after transplantation of human olfactory mucosa cells
Abstract
In the model of adult rat spinal cord contusion on the Th9
level effect of the immediate transplantation of the human
olfactory mucosa cell into the damaged area were studied.
No immunosuppression was used. It was shown that
transplanted cells were survived as long as 7 days after
transplantation and located in rostral and caudal directions in
white matter on the 2 mm distance from points of injections.
It was shown also that transplanted cells migrated into
peripheral zone of the damaged area. The size of damaged
area in white and especially in gray matters were decreased
after 30 and 60 days after transplantation. The same time
after 30 days after transplantation the size of pathological
cavities mostly in anterior column were obviously diminished
and that number of undamaged myelinated nerve fibers were
increased in number around the area of transplantation
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):92-96



Cell technologies in the treatment of radiation burns: experience Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre
Abstract
The treatment of patients with radiation burns and
their effects is difficult. The basis for therapeutic strategy
is surgical techniques, use of which is not always effective.
Moreover, surgical methods are not always feasible in
its entirety because of physical condition of patients and
anatomical features of affected area. In this regard, new
effective therapeutic approaches are developing. Use of
cellular technology is one of the most promising approaches.
Burnazyan FMBC specialists have successful experience
of treatment patients with local radiation injury using cell
preparations from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in
the clinical trial, which resulted in the present article.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):97-102



Clinical significance of the fetal microchimerism for mother
Abstract
Fetal cells enter into mother`s body during pregnancy
and remain there for many years. In female body accumulate
genetically foreign cells of all pregnancies, regardless of what
they have ended (a miscarriage, an abortion or a childbirth). It
is shown that fetal cells are found in various maternal tissues
and organs including blood, bone marrow, liver, lungs and skin.
The interaction nature of foreign cells entering the mothers
body in a natural way with her own cells and immune system
of mother can be extrapolated to the study of chimerism in
the iatrogenic effects on the body, such as hematopoietic
stem cell transplantation or blood transfusion. Natural fetomaternal
microchimerism has important effect on the immune
status of women contributing to development of autoimmune
conditions and tolerance to transplants. Understanding
the fact that fetal cells able to pass through the placental
and blood brain barrier, to migrate in various tissues
and to differentiate in multiple cell types can be used for
development of cell therapy. The studies of long-term effects
feto- maternal microchimerism can get more favorable and
unfavorable prognostic criteria for womens health, but also
able to fundamentally change the understanding of current
principles of clinical genetics.
This paper presents an overview of knowledge about
microchimerism appeared during pregnancy and current views
on the implications of this unique biological phenomenon.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):103-111



Osobennosti zakonodatel'nogo regulirovaniyapreimplantatsionnoy i prenatal'noy geneticheskoydiagnostiki v razlichnykh stranakh
Abstract
Advances in methods of molecular genetic diagnosis have
made it possible to determine whether a child will be born with a
certain genetic disorder. And the use of assisted reproductive
technologies make it possible to screen for genetic conditions
at an earlier embryonic stage, before implanting the embryo
in the mothers uterus. However, such diagnostic technologies
can potentially be used for non-medical purposes, i.e., for sex
selection. This contradicts to modern concepts of bioethics,
so most countries have introduced legislative restrictions on
the conduction of such genetic testing.
Genes & Cells. 2012;7(2):112-118


