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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690530</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc690530</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QWAAPY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Magnetic particles and targeting systems for magnetic cell delivery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение магнитных частиц и систем нацеливания для магнитной доставки клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-4904</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3675-2361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Turchyn</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турчин</surname><given-names>Виктор Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>turchin.dn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-6922</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9021-7370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Роман Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ishenkorv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4418-1513</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7751-5680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспалова</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>s.bespalova@donnu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-4428</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3147-0739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопов</surname><given-names>Максим Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mxsolopov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7571-8091</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6557-7668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Legenkiy</surname><given-names>Yuri A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лёгенький</surname><given-names>Юрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yu-legen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-6860</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1491-8262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>neuro.dnmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1869</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4336-2272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popandopulo</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попандопуло</surname><given-names>Андрей Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>pag.lctc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.K.Gusak Institute of Urgent and Recovery Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии имени В.К. Гусака</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.K.Gusak Institute of Urgent and Recovery Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии имени В.К. Гусака</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Donetsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Донецкий государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/690530">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/690530</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The number of studies investigating physical methods of cell targeting is steadily growing. Within the field of magnetic cell targeting, two main approaches have recently emerged: the use of microscale structures as magnetic carriers, e.g, porous spheroids, helices, and microrobots, that transport cells, and the use of nano- or microscale magnetic particles that directly label cells.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The study aimed to review experimental studies on the use of magnetic particles for targeted delivery of mammalian cells in order to identify the main parameters of magnetic labeling and targeting systems.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Scientific data was searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY.RU databases for the period from January 2019 to September 2024 using the keywords <italic>magnetic cell targeting</italic>, <italic>magnetic cell delivery</italic>, <italic>magnetic cell localization</italic>, and <italic>magnetic cell guidance</italic>. Original experimental <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> studies were included if they involved labeling mammalian or human cells with magnetic nano- or microparticles for targeted delivery using magnetic fields. Data on study design, cell lines used, characteristics of magnetic particles, magnetic labeling conditions and efficiency, characteristics of magnetic trapping systems, efficiency of magnetic delivery, and clinical effects in <italic>in vivo</italic> disease models were extracted from the selected articles.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A total of 62 articles were included in the analysis, of which 63% (39 studies) involved animal disease models, mainly affecting the nervous system, heart, eyes, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, and cancer. The most common labeled cells were multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (27 studies), immune system cells (16 studies), and endothelial cells and their progenitors (7 studies). In most studies, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used for cell labeling (82% of studies) with more than 30 types of coatings, whereas neodymium magnets of various configurations at 0.005–1.450 T magnetic induction served as targeting systems. In 84% of studies, the optimal labeling concentration of magnetic particles ranged from 10–100 µg Fe/mL, with a labeling time of 4–24 h.</p> <p>A high degree of labeled cell magnetic controllability was demonstrated <italic>in vitro</italic>. In 19 animal studies, magnetic targeting resulted in a 1.16- to 20-fold increase in local cell concentration within the target area. In 85% of <italic>in vivo</italic> studies, magnetic targeting produced a more pronounced therapeutic effect compared with controls without targeting systems. Overall, the analysis confirms the high clinical potential of magnetic targeting in cell therapy.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Magnetic targeting of cells using magnetic particles is a rapidly developing and promising technology in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Количество исследований физических методов клеточного нацеливания постоянно увеличивается. Среди магнитного клеточного нацеливания в последнее время выделяются два подхода: с применением магнитных носителей — микроразмерных структур (пористых сфероидов, спиралей, «микроботов»), транспортирующих клетки; с использованием нано- или микроразмерных магнитных частиц, непосредственно маркирующих клетки.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Обзор экспериментальных работ по применению магнитных частиц для направленной доставки клеток млекопитающих с целью выявления основных параметров магнитной маркировки и систем нацеливания.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Поиск работ осуществляли в базах данных PubMed, Cochrane Library и eLIBRARY.RU за период с января 2019 года по сентябрь 2024 года, по ключевым словам «magnetic cell targeting», «magnetic cell delivery», «magnetic cell localization», «magnetic cell guidance». Отбирали оригинальные экспериментальные исследования <italic>in vitro</italic> и <italic>in vivo</italic>, в которых осуществлялась маркировка клеток млекопитающих и человека с помощью магнитных нано- или микрочастиц для направленной доставки с использованием магнитных полей. Из отобранных работ получали данные о дизайне исследования, использованных клеточных линиях, характеристиках магнитных частиц, условиях магнитной маркировки и её эффективности, характеристиках магнитных ловушек, эффективности магнитной доставки и клинических эффектах на моделях заболеваний <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Для анализа было отобрано 62 статьи, 63% из которых (39 статей) включали работы на животных моделях заболеваний, главным образом нервной системы, сердца, глаз, мочевыделительной системы, опорно-двигательного аппарата, а также онкозаболеваний. Преобладающими объектами маркировки выступали мультипотентные мезенхимные стромальные клетки (27 статей), клетки иммунной системы (16 статей), эндотелиальные клетки и их прогениторы (7 статей). Для маркировки клеток в большинстве исследований использовали суперпарамагнитные наночастицы оксида железа (82% работ) с различными типами оболочек (&gt;30), а в качестве систем нацеливания — неодимовые магниты различной конфигурации (с индукцией 0,005–1,450 Т). Оптимальная маркировочная концентрация магнитных частиц в 84% работах была в диапазоне 10–100 мкг Fe/мл при времени маркировки 4–24 ч.</p> <p>В <italic>in vitro</italic> исследованиях показана высокая степень магнитной управляемости маркированных клеток. В 19 работах на животных благодаря магнитному нацеливанию произошло 1,16–20-кратное увеличение локальной концентрации клеток в зоне интереса. В 85% работ <italic>in vivo</italic> магнитное нацеливание обеспечило более выраженный терапевтический эффект по сравнению с контролем без систем нацеливания. В целом анализ подтверждает высокий клинический потенциал магнитного нацеливания в клеточной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Магнитное нацеливание клеток с использованием магнитных частиц является динамично развивающейся и многообещающей технологией в области регенеративной медицины и клеточной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>magnetism</kwd><kwd>iron oxide magnetic particles</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>магнетизм</kwd><kwd>магнитные частицы оксида железа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the state assignment of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, research project code ZUNQ-2025-0002, registration number 1024022100092-5</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено с использованием денежных средств государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, код (шифр) научной темы ZUNQ-2025-0002, регистрационный номер 1024022100092-5</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Xuan L, Hou Y, Liang L, et al. 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