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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687682</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc687682</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MJHFHC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of synucleins in epileptogenesis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль синуклеинов в эпилептогенезе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-7886</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6014-3302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedulina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федулина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fedulina@neuro.nnov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-3559</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5090-1425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Мария Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m.matveeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-4095</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6905-9293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozov</surname><given-names>Andrei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розов</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>rozov1511@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-18"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/687682">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/687682</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Synucleinopathies are a group of disorders associated with abnormal aggregation of synuclein family proteins. Aggregated alpha-synuclein serves as a histopathological hallmark of Parkinson disease and several other synucleinopathies, including dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy.</p> <p>Under physiological conditions, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synucleins exist in monomeric form and perform several functions, including regulation of synaptic transmission and intracellular transport. However, under the influence of various pathological factors, these proteins may undergo aggregation, acquire toxic properties, and thereby contribute to the development of neuropathological conditions.</p> <p>Nevertheless, synuclein aggregation–related disturbances are not confined to neurodegenerative disorders and may affect multiple organ systems. Considering that most of these diseases are currently incurable and lack reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, investigation of synuclein function remains an important area of neuroscience research.</p> <p>In this review, we critically examine the impact of pathological synuclein behavior on the organism and their involvement in processes associated with seizures and epilepsy.</p> <p>In recent decades, accumulating evidence suggests that alpha-synuclein may play a substantial role in epileptogenesis. Pathological aggregation of this protein contributes to activation of neurotoxic mechanisms, including enhancement of oxidative stress, induction of neuroinflammation, and reduced efficiency of neurotransmitter release. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that alpha-synuclein dysfunction may promote the development of seizure activity. Of particular interest are studies demonstrating elevated concentrations of alpha-synuclein in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, which may reflect both its involvement in disease pathogenesis and its potential utility as a biomarker.</p> <p>There is also a rationale for investigating the role of other family members, beta- and gamma-synucleins, although currently available data is limited. Systematization and synthesis of accumulated evidence on the possible association between synucleins and epileptic processes may contribute to a more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis, identification of novel therapeutic targets, and development of methods for early diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Синуклеинопатии — группа заболеваний, ассоциированных с аномальной агрегацией белков семейства синуклеинов. Агрегированный альфа-синуклеин является гистопатологической характеристикой болезни Паркинсона и ряда заболеваний, ассоциированных с синуклеинопатиями, таких как деменция с тельцами Леви и мультисистемная атрофия.</p> <p>В норме альфа-, бета- и гамма-синуклеины находятся в мономерной форме и выполняют ряд физиологических функций, включая регуляцию синаптической передачи и внутриклеточного транспорта. Однако под воздействием ряда патологических факторов они могут переходить в агрегированное состояние, приобретая токсические свойства и тем самым способствуя развитию нейропатологий.</p> <p>Тем не менее нарушения, связанные с агрегацией синуклеина, не ограничены только нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, а затрагивают все системы органов. Учитывая, что большинство таких заболеваний неизлечимы и, более того, для них не существует биомаркёров ранней диагностики, изучение функций синуклеинов по-прежнему является одним из актуальных направлений нейронаук.</p> <p>В этом обзоре мы критически осмыслим влияние патологического поведения синуклеинов на организм и их вовлечённость в процессы, связанные с судорогами и эпилепсией.</p> <p>В последние десятилетия накапливаются данные, указывающие на то, что альфа-синуклеин может играть важную роль и в эпилептогенезе. Патологическая агрегация этого белка способствует активации нейротоксических механизмов, включая усиление окислительного стресса, запуск нейровоспаления и снижение эффективности высвобождения нейромедиаторов. В ряде экспериментальных и клинических исследований показано, что дисфункция альфа-синуклеина может способствовать возникновению судорожной активности. Особый интерес представляют работы, в которых у пациентов с фармакорезистентной эпилепсией выявлена повышенная концентрация альфа-синуклеина в сыворотке крови и спинномозговой жидкости, что может свидетельствовать как о роли этого белка в патогенезе заболевания, так и о его потенциале в качестве биомаркёра.</p> <p>Имеются предпосылки для изучения роли других членов семейства — бета- и гамма-синуклеинов, однако соответствующих данных на сегодняшний день значительно меньше. Обобщение и систематизация накопленной информации о возможной взаимосвязи между синуклеинами и эпилептическими процессами могут способствовать более глубокому пониманию молекулярных механизмов эпилептогенеза, открытию новых терапевтических мишеней и методов ранней диагностики заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synucleins</kwd><kwd>synucleinopathies</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>neuropathology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синуклеины</kwd><kwd>синуклеинопатии</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>биомаркёры</kwd><kwd>нейропатология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. FSWR-2023-0029)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (проект № FSWR-2023-0029)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Milligan TA. 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