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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687285</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc687285</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GPZSMN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidermal growth factor receptor as a target of antitumor activity of binase mutants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рецептор эпидермального фактора роста как мишень противоопухолевого действия мутантных форм биназы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0605</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9618-7816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadyrova</surname><given-names>Alsu I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Надырова</surname><given-names>Алсу Ильдаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alsu.nadyrova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-1384</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5874-7417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudkina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудкина</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ElVDudkina@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3408-9493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khafizova</surname><given-names>Elvira M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хафизова</surname><given-names>Эльвира Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elvirra.khafizova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5189-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pestov</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пестов</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexander.p3stov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4341-5181</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8593-7837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosnyrev</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коснырев</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>AleSKosnyrev@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-3314</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8479-4593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanova</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянова</surname><given-names>Вера Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>Vera.Uljanova@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-2032</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7972-5807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilinskaya</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинская</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doc. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>Olga.Ilinskaya@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>347</fpage><lpage>358</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/687285">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/687285</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the key proteins in cell signaling that regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. EGFR dysregulation is associated with various neoplasms, highlighting the importance of developing targeted EGFR inhibitors. Binase, a ribonuclease (RNase) from <italic>Bacillus pumilus</italic>, is a promising antitumor agent capable of interacting with EGFR. Its cytotoxic potential is primarily determined by its activity against intracellular RNA. Binase mutants with reduced catalytic activity, K26A and H101E, also demonstrate antitumor properties.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to assess the effect of interactions between binase mutants and EGFR on their cytotoxic potential.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The antiproliferative activity of binase and its mutants K26A and H101E, with residual catalytic activity of 11.0% and 0.02%, respectively, was evaluated using the MTT assay in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overexpress wild-type <italic>EGFR</italic>. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine the interactions of RNases with EGFR and their ability to modulate the MAPK/ERK pathway. Hypothetical protein–protein interaction models were generated using computational modeling. The antimigratory activity of RNases was assessed using the standard scratch assay.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Binase and its mutants reduced the proliferative activity of A431 tumor cells by 40%. Pretreatment of cells with the monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab attenuated the cytotoxic potential of binase mutants. Computational modeling indicated that the tested RNases may interact with EGFR, with binase having a higher affinity for the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain and the mutant derivatives binding preferentially to regions involved in receptor endocytosis. This may underlie the observed differences in EGFR internalization rates. Unlike binase and the K26A mutant, the catalytically inactive H101E mutant lacks antimigratory activity, indicating the importance of maintaining a certain level of enzymatic activity.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>EGFR is a target of the cytotoxic activity of binase mutants, and their interaction inhibits the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and causes tumor cell death.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Рецептор эпидермального фактора роста (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) — один из ключевых белков клеточного сигналинга, контролирующего каскады митоген-активируемых протеинкиназ (mitogen-activated protein kinase, МАРК). Нарушение функционирования EGFR ассоциировано с развитием различных опухолевых заболеваний, что указывает на актуальность разработки таргетных анти-EGFR-препаратов. Одним из перспективных противоопухолевых агентов, способных взаимодействовать с EGFR, является рибонуклеаза (РНКаза) <italic>Bacillus pumilus </italic>— биназа, цитотоксический потенциал которой в первую очередь обусловлен её активностью в отношении внутриклеточной РНК. При этом мутантные формы биназы K26A и H101E со сниженной каталитической активностью также обладают противоопухолевыми свойствами.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить вклад взаимодействия мутантных форм биназы с EGFR в их цитотоксический потенциал.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Характеристику антипролиферативной активности биназы и её мутантных форм — K26A и H101E с остаточной каталитической активностью в размере 11,0 и 0,02% соответственно — проводили методом МТТ-теста на линии клеток эпидермоидной карциномы А431 с повышенным уровнем экспрессии <italic>EGFR</italic> дикого типа. Взаимодействие РНКаз с EGFR и их способность модулировать МАРК/ERK-каскад исследовали с помощью иммунофлуоресцентного анализа. Гипотетические модели белок-белкового взаимодействия конструировали с использованием средств компьютерного моделирования. Антимиграционную активность РНКаз оценивали в стандартном тесте на зарастание царапины.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что биназа и её мутанты снижают пролиферативную активность опухолевых клеток А431 на 40%. Предварительная обработка клеток моноклональным антителом к EGFR цетуксимабом приводит к ослаблению цитотоксического потенциала мутантов биназы. С помощью средств компьютерного моделирования показано, что исследуемые РНКазы способны взаимодействовать с EGFR, при этом предсказано, что биназа обладает большей аффинностью к АТФ-связывающему сайту тирозинкиназного домена, а мутантные производные — к области, отвечающей за эндоцитоз рецептора. Это может опосредовать наблюдаемые различия в скорости интернализации EGFR. В отличие от биназы и мутанта K26A, каталитически неактивный мутант H101E не обладает антимиграционной активностью, что указывает на важность наличия определённого уровня ферментативной активности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> EGFR является мишенью цитотоксического действия мутантных форм биназы, взаимодействие с ним приводит к ингибированию сигнального пути МАРК/ERK и гибели опухолевых клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidermal growth factor receptor</kwd><kwd>ribonuclease</kwd><kwd>binase</kwd><kwd>catalytic activity</kwd><kwd>protein–protein interaction</kwd><kwd>antimigratory activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рецептор эпидермального фактора роста</kwd><kwd>рибонуклеаза</kwd><kwd>биназа</kwd><kwd>каталитическая активность</kwd><kwd>белок-белковое взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>антимиграционная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a 2024 grant from the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan for conducting fundamental and applied research in scientific and educational institutions, enterprises, and organizations of the real economy of the Republic of Tatarstan</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счёт предоставленного в 2024 году Академией наук Республики Татарстан гранта на осуществление фундаментальных и прикладных научных работ в научных и образовательных организациях, предприятиях и организациях реального сектора экономики Республики Татарстан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Patutina O, Mironova N, Ryabchikova E, et al. 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