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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682221</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc682221</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZTLJPA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Properties of osteoplastic matrices based on polylactide microparticles and platelet-rich plasma impregnated with adenoviral constructs carrying <italic>BMP2</italic> gene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Свойства остеопластических матриксов на основе полилактидных микрочастиц и обогащённой тромбоцитами плазмы, импрегнированных аденовирусными конструкциями с геном <italic>BMP2</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0127-6502</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7315-1862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basina</surname><given-names>Viktoriia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басина</surname><given-names>Виктория Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vika.basina12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-7116</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1548-6998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedorubova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недорубова</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>nedorubova.ia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3828-8495</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6988-4309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernomyrdina</surname><given-names>Victoria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черномырдина</surname><given-names>Виктория Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>victoria-mok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-7176</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5569-9070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meglei</surname><given-names>Anastasiia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меглей</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>an.megley95@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-8313</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1453-9189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhnach</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махнач</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>buben6@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-0253</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7185-9165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Антон Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>scftlab@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-0188</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6159-4220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>Timofei E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Тимофей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><email>timgrigo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-8333</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8293-5020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagoskin</surname><given-names>Yuriy D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загоскин</surname><given-names>Юрий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>zagos@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-1605</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7714-9099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goldshtein</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольдштейн</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>dvgoldshtein@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-256X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2092-5580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukharova</surname><given-names>Tatiana B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухарова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>bukharova-rmt@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>311</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/682221">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/682221</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The number of patients requiring bone graft procedures is rising every year. Gene-activated osteoplastic matrices represent a promising alternative to traditional bone grafting methods, as they enable sustained and targeted expression of osteoinductive genes directly within the defect area.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to evaluate the properties of gene-activated matrices based on polylactide microparticles and platelet-rich plasma impregnated with adenoviral constructs carrying the <italic>BMP2</italic> gene.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, histological staining, histomorphometric analysis, MTT assay, and biochemical assays were performed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The optimal concentration of adenoviral vectors carrying the <italic>BMP2</italic> gene for impregnation into matrices based on polylactide microparticles and platelet-rich plasma was determined using the MTT assay and flow cytometry. The resulting gene-activated matrices were shown to be non-cytotoxic and to stimulate the active proliferation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. As assessed by spectrophotometry, the matrices released genetic constructs in a sustained manner over 15 days. Fluorescence microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed effective and gradual transduction of cell cultures. Histological analysis of tissue sections obtained 28 days after intramuscular implantation in rats demonstrated <italic>in vivo</italic> biocompatibility of the matrices. The gene-activated matrices induced osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue–derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, confirmed by increased expression of osteogenic differentiation markers, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and extracellular matrix mineralization.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The developed gene-activated matrices composed of polylactide microparticles and platelet-rich plasma and incorporating adenoviral vectors carrying<italic> BMP2</italic> gene demonstrated effectiveness in <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments and may be used for repair of bone tissue defects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Ежегодно увеличивается число пациентов, нуждающихся в проведении операций по восстановлению костной ткани. Ген-активированные остеопластические матриксы представляют собой перспективную альтернативу традиционным методам костной пластики, поскольку обеспечивают длительную и направленную экспрессию генов-остеоиндукторов непосредственно в зоне дефекта.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценка свойств ген-активированных матриксов на основе полилактидных микрочастиц и обогащённой тромбоцитами плазмы, импрегнированных аденовирусными конструкциями с геном <italic>BMP2</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В работе использованы световая и флуоресцентная микроскопия, проточная цитофлуориметрия, спектрофотометрия, полимеразная цепная реакция в режиме реального времени, гистологическое окрашивание, гистоморфометрический анализ, МТТ-тест и биохимический тест.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Посредством МТТ-теста и проточной цитофлуориметрии подобрана оптимальная концентрация аденовирусных векторов с геном<italic> BMP2</italic> для импрегнации в матриксы на основе полилактидных микрочастиц и обогащённой тромбоцитами плазмы. Показано, что полученные ген-активированные матриксы не оказывают цитотоксического действия и способствуют активной пролиферации мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток. Высвобождение генетических конструкций из матриксов происходило пролонгированно в течение 15 дней, что оценивалось спектрофотометрически. Методами флуоресцентной микроскопии и полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени установлено, что ген-активированные матриксы обеспечивали эффективную и постепенную трансдукцию клеточных культур. С помощью анализа гистологических срезов через 28 сут после внутримышечной имплантации крысам была продемонстрирована биосовместимость матриксов <italic>in vivo.</italic> Ген-активированные матриксы индуцировали остеогенную дифференцировку мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток жировой ткани, что подтверждается возрастанием экспрессии маркёров остеогенной дифференцировки, активности щелочной фосфатазы и минерализации внеклеточного матрикса.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработанные ген-активированные матриксы из полилактидных микрочастиц и обогащённой тромбоцитами плазмы, содержащие аденовирусные векторы с геном <italic>BMP2</italic>, показали свою эффективность в экспериментах <italic>in vitro</italic> и могут быть использованы для восполнения дефектов костной ткани.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene-activated matrices</kwd><kwd>BMP2</kwd><kwd>polylactide microparticles</kwd><kwd>platelet-rich plasma</kwd><kwd>adenoviral vectors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген-активированные матриксы</kwd><kwd>BMP2</kwd><kwd>полилактидные микрочастицы</kwd><kwd>обогащённая тромбоцитами плазма</kwd><kwd>аденовирусные векторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the Research Center for Medical Genetics (biological research) and the state assignment of the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (production of polylactide microparticles and scanning electron microscopy)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова» в части биологических исследований и государственного задания Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт» в части создания полилактидных микрочастиц и проведения сканирующей электронной микроскопии</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Xue N, Ding X, Huang R, et al. Bone tissue engineering in the treatment of bone defects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(7):879. doi: 10.3390/ph15070879 EDN: XSCCJQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Vantucci CE, Krishan L, Cheng A, et al. BMP-2 delivery strategy modulates local bone regeneration and systemic immune responses to complex extremity trauma. Biomater Sci. 2021;9(5):1668–1682. doi: 10.1039/d0bm01728k EDN: PYEJBW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ball JR, Shelby T, Hernandez F, et al. Delivery of growth factors to enhance bone repair. 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