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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc678636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QAXWAC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: molecular genetic causes, clinical and morphological characteristics, and therapeutic approaches to treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогрессирующая оссифицирующая фибродисплазия: молекулярно-генетические причины, клинико-морфологическая характеристика и терапевтические подходы к лечению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9927-5608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylov</surname><given-names>Evgeny D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылов</surname><given-names>Евгений Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhenya.lopylov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-4078</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8222-2234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Иван Антонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivan@ivan-ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-9787</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4909-6550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Limaev</surname><given-names>Igor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лимаев</surname><given-names>Игорь Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ig.limaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-7586</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4825-5440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremeev</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеев</surname><given-names>Артем Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>art-eremeev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2957-1687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>romdey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">JSC «Histograft»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Гистографт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC «Genotarget»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Генотаргет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины имени академика Ю.М. Лопухина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-09-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/678636">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/678636</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1 case per 1.5–2.0 million individuals. The primary cause of the disease lies in mutations of the <italic>ACVR1</italic> gene, which encodes the homonymous receptor involved in the regulation of bone histogenesis. The most common genetic variant is the 617G&gt;A single nucleotide substitution (R206H, rs121912678), resulting in the replacement of arginine with histidine. This variant is observed in over 95% of all registered patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The mutation disrupts intracellular signaling, leading to the formation of abnormal heterotopic bone tissue in muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The clinical presentation may vary: some patients experience additional symptoms presumably associated with rare mutations in other domains of the ACVR1 receptor. Despite active research, the exact precursor cells responsible for pathological osteogenesis remain unidentified. Scientists hypothesize the involvement of multiple cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. Currently, no effective treatment exists for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Gene therapy, successfully employed in other monogenic disorders, represents a promising direction. Several experimental approaches, including targeted inhibitors of the ACVR1 signaling pathway, are undergoing preclinical and clinical trials.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Прогрессирующая оссифицирующая фибродисплазия — это крайне редкое наследственное заболевание с распространённостью примерно 1 случай на 1,5–2,0 млн человек. Основная причина болезни заключается в мутации гена <italic>ACVR1</italic>, который кодирует одноименный рецептор, участвующий в регуляции остеогистогенеза. Наиболее распространённый генетический вариант — однонуклеотидная замена 617G&gt;A (R206H, rs121912678), приводящая к замене аминокислоты аргинина на гистидин. Этот вариант наблюдается более чем у 95% всех зарегистрированных пациентов с прогрессирующей оссифицирующей фибродисплазией. Мутация нарушает внутриклеточную передачу сигналов, что приводит к патологическому формированию гетеротопической костной ткани в мышцах, сухожилиях и связках. Клиническая картина заболевания может варьироваться: у некоторых пациентов наблюдаются дополнительные симптомы, предположительно связанные с редкими мутациями в других доменах рецептора ACVR1. Несмотря на активные исследования, точные клетки-предшественники, ответственные за патологический остеогенез, до сих пор не идентифицированы. Учёные предполагают, что в процесс вовлечены несколько типов клеток, включая мезенхимальные стволовые клетки и эндотелиальные клетки. В настоящее время эффективного лечения прогрессирующей оссифицирующей фибродисплазии не существует, что подчёркивает необходимость поиска новых терапевтических мишеней. Перспективным направлением является генная терапия, успешно применяемая при других моногенных заболеваниях. Несколько экспериментальных подходов, включая таргетные ингибиторы сигнального пути ACVR1, находятся на стадии доклинических и клинических испытаний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>pathology</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибродисплазия оссифицирующая прогрессирующая</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>патология</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment “Gene-Cell Regulation of Tissue Regeneration in the Musculoskeletal System and the Development of Pharmaceuticals Based on It” (FURG-2025-0050. 1024100700005-8)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Генно-клеточная регуляция регенерации тканей опорно-двигательного аппарата и разработка лекарственных препаратов на их основе» FURG-2025-0050. 1024100700005-8</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Salazar VS, Gamer LW, Rosen V. 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