<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642912</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc642912</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BNMARE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pro-regenerative effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in cultured dermal fibroblasts and subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прорегенераторные эффекты 5-гидрокситриптамина в культуре фибробластов кожи и мезенхимальных стромальных клеток подкожно-жировой клетчатки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-8915</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2736-0620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chibirova</surname><given-names>Tamara T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чибирова</surname><given-names>Тамара Тамерлановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tamaramerdenova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-1348</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5918-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokaev</surname><given-names>Romesh I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокаев</surname><given-names>Ромеш Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>romesh_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-8593</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6435-1072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Islaev</surname><given-names>Altynbek A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ислаев</surname><given-names>Алтынбек Азраткулович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>romesh_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8910-3537</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3329-3030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokaev</surname><given-names>Gavril S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокаев</surname><given-names>Гаврил Сосланович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zigavrik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-5944</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7922-4399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skupnevskii</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скупневский</surname><given-names>Сергей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dreammas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Ossetian State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Осетинский государственный университет имени К.Л. Хетагурова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-07-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/642912">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/642912</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Mesenchymal stem cells of the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue play a critical role in epithelial regeneration by proliferating and differentiating into skin cells to replace damaged or dead tissue. In addition, they act via autocrine and paracrine signaling to promote tissue repair and wound healing.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to investigate the <italic>in vitro</italic> effects of serotonin on the regenerative potential—namely, proliferation, migration, and cell death—of dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SAT-MSCs).</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Primary DF and SAT-MSC cultures were obtained from Wistar rats and divided into the following groups: DF/SAT-MSCs cultured in standard medium and DF/SAT-MSCs cultured with serotonin supplementation. Cell morphology and proliferation were assessed microscopically using an Axio Vert.A1 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Cell migration dynamics were studied in a scratch assay. Cell death resulting from apoptosis and/or necrosis was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining (ServiceBio, China).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Both DFs and SAT-MSCs responded to serotonin supplementation in standard culture medium with increased proliferation. Quantification of migrated cells revealed an increase in the conditional migration speed of SAT-MSCs under conditions of serotonin supplementation. Additionally, serotonin-treated cultures demonstrated reduced levels of apoptotic and necrotic cells.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION<italic>:</italic></bold> Activation of serotonin signaling mechanisms plays an important role in wound healing following various skin and subcutaneous tissue injuries by enhancing cell viability, DF proliferation, and both proliferation and migration of SAT-MSCs, as demonstrated in our study. These findings suggest that serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists may serve as promising candidates for promoting skin repair in patients with injuries. Importantly, the cellular response to serotonin signaling is tissue-specific and depends on the receptor subtype and intracellular signaling pathways mediating secondary messenger activation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки кожи и подкожно-жировой клетчатки играют важную роль в регуляции регенерации эпителиальных покровов, так как пролиферируют и дифференцируются в клетки кожи для возобновления взамен повреждённых или мёртвых клеток и также действуют аутокринным и паракринным путём для активации регенерации тканей и процесса заживления ран.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определить в эксперименте <italic>in vitro</italic> влияние серотонина на регенераторный потенциал (пролиферацию, миграцию, клеточную гибель) фибробластов дермы (ФД) и мезенхимальных стромальных клеток подкожно-жировой клетчатки (МСК-ПЖК).</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Исследование проводилось на первичных культурах ФД и МСК-ПЖК, получаемых от крыс линии Wistar и разделённых на группы: ФД/МСК-ПЖК — стандартная питательная среда; ФД/МСК-ПЖК — с добавлением серотонина. Морфологию и пролиферацию оценивали визуально с помощью микроскопа Axio Vert.A1 (Carl Zeiss, Германия). Изучали динамику миграции клеток в «культуральной ране». Клеточную гибель в результате апоптоза и/или некроза оценивали с помощью флуоресцентной микроскопии с применением набора Annexin V-FITC/PI (ServiceBio, Китай).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Как ФД, так и МСК-ПЖК отреагировали на введение в стандартную среду серотонина повышением пролиферации. В результате подсчёта количества мигрировавших клеток выявлено повышение условной скорости перемещения МСК-ПЖК в условиях добавления серотонина. Отмечено также меньшее количество клеток, подвергшихся некрозу и апоптозу, в культурах клеток с добавлением в среду серотонина.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Активация сигнальных механизмов серотонина играет важную роль в заживлении ран в контексте различных травм кожи и подкожно-жировой клетчатки, способствуя повышению клеточной жизнеспособности, пролиферации ФД, пролиферации и миграции МСК-ПЖК, что было продемонстрировано в нашем исследовании. Исходя из результатов исследования можно предположить, что агонисты серотонина или рецептора 5-гидрокситриптамина могут быть потенциальными кандидатами для улучшения заживления кожи у пациентов с травмами. При этом направление реализации сигнальных влияний серотонина на клетки имеет выраженную тканеспецифическую избирательность и варьирует в зависимости от типа рецепторов и внутриклеточных сигнальных путей активации вторичных посредников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>dermal fibroblasts</kwd><kwd>subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>cell proliferation</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>cell migration</kwd><kwd>skin injury</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>фибробласты кожи</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стромальные клетки подкожно-жировой клетчатки</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>пролиферация клеток</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>миграция клеток</kwd><kwd>повреждение кожи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ren S, Chen J, Duscher D, et al. Microvesicles from human adipose stem cells promote wound healing by optimizing cellular functions via AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1152-x EDN: BQWMPM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>EW, Seo MK, Woo EY, et al. Exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells promote proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(10):1170–1172. doi: 10.1111/exd.13451</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ozpur MA, Guneren E, Canter HI, et al. Generation of skin tissue using adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(1):134–143. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001927</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Zografou A, Tsigris C, Papadopoulos O, et al. Improvement of skin-graft survival after autologous transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells in rats. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(12):1647–1656. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.07.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Walter MN, Wright KT, Fuller HR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium accelerates skin wound healing: an in vitro study of fibroblast and keratinocyte scratch assays. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(7):1271–1281. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.026 EDN: NYYUML</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou X, Ning K, Ling B, et al. Multiple injections of autologous adipose-derived stem cells accelerate the burn wound healing process and promote blood vessel regeneration in a rat model. Stem Cells Dev. 2019;28(21):1463–1472. doi: 10.1089/scd.2019.0113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Mazini L, Rochette L, Admou B, et al. Hopes and limits of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in wound healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1306. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041306 EDN: YMJRSI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, et al. Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16(5):585–601. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2008.00410.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Raja, Sivamani K, Garcia MS, Isseroff RR. Wound reepithelialization: modulating keratinocyte migration in wound healing. Front Biosci. 2007;12:2849–2868. doi: 10.2741/2277</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Brown GL, Curtsinger LJ, White M, et al. Acceleration of tensile strength of incisions treated with EGF and TGF-beta. Ann Surg. 1988;208(6):788–794. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198812000-00019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>White LA, Mitchell TI, Brinckerhoff CE. Transforming growth factor beta inhibitory element in the rabbit matrix metalloproteinase-1 (collagenase-1) gene functions as a repressor of constitutive transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1490(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00002-6 EDN: AEPGLN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mast BA, Schultz GS. Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 1996;4(4):411–420. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475X.1996.40404.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Robson MC. The role of growth factors in the healing of chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 1997;5(1):12–17. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475X.1997.50106.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mehta VB, Besner GE. HB-EGF promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells via PI3-kinase and MAPK signaling pathways. Growth Factors. 2007;25(4):253–263. doi: 10.1080/08977190701773070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dürk T, Panther E, Müller T, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine modulates cytokine and chemokine production in LPS-primed human monocytes via stimulation of different 5-HTR subtypes. Int Immunol. 2005;17(5):599–606. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxh242 EDN: IPYAON</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Müller T, Dürk T, Blumenthal B, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine modulates migration, cytokine and chemokine release and T-cell priming capacity of dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2009;4(7):e6453. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006453</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Pakala R, Willerson JT, Benedict CR. Effect of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and specific receptor antagonists on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circulation. 1997;96(7):2280–2286. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.96.7.2280</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kang BN, Ha SG, Bahaie NS, et al. Regulation of serotonin-induced trafficking and migration of eosinophils. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054840</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo J, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamate, and ATP: much more than neurotransmitters. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:667815. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667815 EDN: VXDJFH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Jones LA, Sun EW, Martin AM, Keating DJ. The ever-changing roles of serotonin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2020;125:105776. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105776 EDN: WAACHQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Furrer K, Rickenbacher A, Tian Y, et al. Serotonin reverts age-related capillarization and failure of regeneration in the liver through a VEGF-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(7):2945–2950. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1012531108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Rubina KA, Semina EV, Sysoeva VYu, et al. Modern methods of work with mammalian cells and tissues in regenerative medicine. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House; 2022. (In Russ.) ISBN: 978-5-19-011647-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Liang CC, Park AY, Guan JL. In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):329–333. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Sadiq A, Shah A, Jeschke MG, et al. The role of serotonin during skin healing in post-thermal injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4):1034. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041034</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Slaninka I, Fibír A, Kaška M, Páral J. Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in healing skin graft donor sites. J Wound Care. 2020;29(1):36–41. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.1.36 EDN: QCSCRI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Naito K, Moteki H, Kimura M, et al. Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor-stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation are mediated by autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor-α in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(4):570–577. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00923</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Kimura M, Moteki H, Ogihara M. Role of hepatocyte growth regulators in liver regeneration. Cells. 2023;12(2):208. doi: 10.3390/cells12020208 EDN: LIEEUS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Mao B, Liu S, Zhu S, et al. The Janus face of serotonin: Regenerative promoter and chronic liver disease aggravator. Heliyon. 2024;10(9):e30703. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30703 EDN: IVDGUP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>John Jayakumar JAK, Panicker MM. The roles of serotonin in cell adhesion and migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Cell Adh Migr. 2021;15(1):261–271. doi: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1963574 EDN: BROPWB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Tamura K, Kanzaki T, Saito Y, et al. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) enhances migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells through 5-HT2 receptors. Atherosclerosis. 1997;132(2):139–143. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00077-4 EDN: AGBYPD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Day R M, Agyeman AS, Segel MJ, et al. Serotonin induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell migration. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71(3):386–397. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.035</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
