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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640858</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc640858</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tissue-engineered and cell-based therapies for cartilage defects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности тканеинженерных и клеточных препаратов, применяемых для терапии поражений хрящевой ткани</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9042</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5299-9693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubinskaya</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубинская</surname><given-names>Полина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>polinapigeon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-666X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7220-6031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruchko</surname><given-names>Evgenii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ручко</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ruchkoevgeny@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-2318</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8654-7318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikina</surname><given-names>Arina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикина</surname><given-names>Арина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>arina.pikina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-5265</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4911-1830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>oslebedeva@rcpcm.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-7586</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4825-5440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremeev</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеев</surname><given-names>Артем Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>art-eremeev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины имени академика Ю.М. Лопухина Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития имени Н.К. Кольцова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-04"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/640858">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/640858</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Regenerative medicine uses cells as therapeutic agents to heal tissues and organs. It is a rapidly evolving area of research worldwide. Cell-based therapy has emerged as a pivotal treatment approach for articular cartilage defects, recognizing the limited regenerative potential of cartilage inherent to its structural biology. Given the inherent challenges associated with the standardization of cell-based drugs compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, the evaluation of their safety and efficacy in preclinical or clinical trials incurs particular considerations.</p> <p>In the majority of cases, autologous chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from various tissues become key components of cell-based therapies currently available for cartilage defects. The cell-based therapies that have been approved for clinical use vary in manufacturing methods, types of cells, and use of matrices as a cell carriers in the finished product. Furthermore, clinicians routinely use a range of surgical techniques to perform a biopsy procedure for the preparation and subsequent implantation of finished cell-based products. Each cell-based treatment option available for patients with cartilage diseases offers a particular indication, benefits, and limitations, underscoring the relevance of comparative analysis of the therapies currently used in clinical practice. This will facilitate clinicians in selecting the most suitable therapy, while researchers may potentially expand the range of diagnoses for such therapies or enhance their efficacy.</p> <p>This review will focus on certain cell-based therapies that have currently arrived at the stages of clinical investigation and have been approved for the treatment of cartilage defects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Область регенеративной медицины, в которой используют клетки в качестве терапевтических средств для восстановления тканей и органов, активно развивается во всём мире. Применение клеточной терапии особенно актуально для лечения дефектов суставного хряща, так как из-за особенностей строения хрящевой ткани её регенеративные способности снижены. Поскольку препараты на основе клеток являются сложными для стандартизации объектами по сравнению с традиционными лекарственными средствами, процесс оценки их безопасности и эффективности имеет свои нюансы при планировании доклинических и клинических исследований.</p> <p>В большинстве случаев основой при изготовлении клеточных продуктов, используемых на сегодняшний день для лечения хондральных дефектов суставов, становятся аутологичные хондроциты и мезенхимальные стволовые/стромальные клетки, полученные из различных тканей. Клеточные продукты, дошедшие до этапов клинического применения, различаются как по методу получения готового препарата, так и по типу используемых клеток, а также по наличию в составе готового продукта матриксов в качестве носителя для клеток. Кроме того, в клинике используется различная хирургическая техника, применяемая врачами во время операций по взятию биопсии для производства и последующей имплантации готовых клеточных продуктов. Каждый препарат для клеточной терапии заболеваний хрящевой ткани имеет свои показания к применению, достоинства и недостатки, что делает актуальным сравнительный анализ средств, используемых в клинической практике. Это позволит врачам оценить возможность применения наиболее подходящей терапии, а исследователям — потенциально расширить спектр нозологий для подобных препаратов или усовершенствовать их.</p> <p>В данном обзоре рассматриваются некоторые из клеточных продуктов, дошедших до стадий клинических исследований и одобренных для применения в терапии повреждений хрящевой ткани суставов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>clinical research</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>cartilage</kwd><kwd>cell transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd><kwd>хрящ</kwd><kwd>трансплантация клеток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication was carried out within the framework of the state task “Chondrosphere 2”, #124031500116-4 from 15.03.2024.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная публикация выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Хондросфера 2», номер государственного учёта 124031500116-4 от 15.03.2024.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sellards RA, Nho SJ, Cole BJ. 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