<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630626</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc630626</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison the impact of mesenchymal stromal cells, their microvesicles and plasma enriched with soluble platelet factors on survival and apoptosis of rat spleen lymphocytes <italic>in vitro</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная характеристика влияния мезенхимальных стромальных клеток, их микровезикул и плазмы, обогащённой растворимыми факторами тромбоцитов, на выживаемость и апоптоз лимфоцитов селезёнки крыс <italic>in vitro</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1651-4298</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58958361800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2802-5300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenkova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименкова</surname><given-names>Оксана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>oks.klimenkovaaa@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-1782</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7004113745</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">CAE-9862-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5379-2168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapnev</surname><given-names>Michael P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапнев</surname><given-names>Михаил Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mpotapnev@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-4518</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">13609104100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">KHY-5166-2024</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2713-8210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Наталья Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>ksju2006@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-3427</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56298325500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7410-1760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudelich</surname><given-names>Oleg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куделич</surname><given-names>Олег Аркадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>kudelichsurg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7003786327</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4561-2842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratenko</surname><given-names>Gennady G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратенко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gkondrat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр трансфузиологии и медицинских биотехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>387</fpage><lpage>399</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-25"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-09-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/630626">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/630626</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> The trophic function is one of the important but insufficiently studied features of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), their microvesicles (MVs), and plasma enriched with soluble platelet factors (PRPs), which ensure the viability of target cells.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>To analyze the capability of MSCs, MVs, and PRP to affect the viability and spontaneous and activation-induced apoptosis of rat spleen lymphocytes during culturing <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic> MSCs were isolated from the mononuclear cell fraction of the femoral bone marrow of Wistar rats using the plastic adhesion method. MVs were obtained from the conditioned medium of MSCs by centrifugation at 14,500 g. PRP was prepared by freezing/thawing rat peripheral blood platelet concentrate. Rat spleen lymphocytes were isolated on a density gradient of 1.077 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The viability and degree of lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry for 7-AAD incorporation and binding to annexin V.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic><italic> </italic>The presence of MSCs at 10 and 20% concentrations caused an increase in the number of living intact and PMA-activated lymphocytes by the end of 3-day <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation. Compared with controls, the amount of necrotic cells decreased 8.3–13.5 times, and the number of apoptotic cells decreased 2.3–4.0 times, mainly due to lymphocytes at the late stage of apoptosis. MVs of MSCs at the indicated concentrations did not significantly affect the viability of lymphocytes cultured <italic>in vitro</italic><italic> </italic>but reduced the level of apoptosis of intact and PMA-activated lymphocytes by 3.6 (<italic>р</italic>=0.03) and 4.8–5.2 (<italic>р</italic>=0.048; <italic>р</italic>=0.03) times respectively. Studies have shown that 1.25% rat PRP has a growth-stimulatory activity against MSCs but not against lymphocytes cultured <italic>in vitro</italic>. In the culture of intact lymphocytes, PRPs did not significantly affect cell viability with a slight decrease (2.7–2.9 fold, <italic>p</italic> &gt;0.05) in the number of necrotic cells. In the culture of PMA-activated lymphocytes, 1.25–2.50% PRP increased the number of living cells by 1.6–2.2 times (<italic>р</italic>=0.002; <italic>р</italic>=0.01) and the number of necrotic cells by two times (<italic>р</italic>=0.02).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>:</italic> MSCs, MVs of MSCs, and PRP, in decreasing order, enhanced the viability of rat spleen lymphocytes and suppressed late apoptosis during <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation. Lymphocytes activated by phorbol myristate acetate are more sensitive to their vital action compared with resting cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одной из важных, но недостаточно изученных характеристик мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК), их микровезикул (МВ МСК) и плазмы, обогащённой растворимыми факторами тромбоцитов (ПОРФТ/PRP), является их трофическая функция, обеспечивающая жизнеспособность клеток-мишеней.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — провести анализ способности МСК, МВ МСК, ПОРФТ/PRP оказывать влияние на жизнеспособность, спонтанный и активационный апоптоз культивированных <italic>in vitro</italic> лимфоцитов селезёнки крыс.</p> <p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и</bold><bold> </bold><bold>методы</bold>. МСК выделяли из фракции мононуклеарных клеток костного мозга бедренной кости крыс линии Wistar методом адгезии на пластике. МВ МСК получали из кондиционной среды культуры МСК методом центрифугирования при 14 500 g. ПОРФТ/PRP приготавливали путём замораживания/оттаивания концентрата тромбоцитов периферической крови крыс. Лимфоциты селезёнки крыс выделяли на градиенте плотности 1,077 г/см<sup>3</sup>. Выживаемость и степень апоптоза лимфоцитов <italic>in vitro</italic> оценивали методом проточной цитометрии по включению красителя 7-AAD и связыванию с annexin V.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Присутствие МСК в концентрациях 10 и 20% вызывало повышение количества живых интактных и ФМА-активированных лимфоцитов (ФМА — форбол-миристат-ацетат) к концу 3-суточного культивирования <italic>in vitro</italic>. По сравнению с контролем в 8,3–13,5 раза снизилось количество некротических клеток, в 2,3–4,0 раза — количество апоптотических клеток, преимущественно за счёт лимфоцитов, находящихся в стадии позднего апоптоза. МВ МСК в использованных концентрациях не оказывали существенного эффекта на жизнеспособность лимфоцитов, культивированных <italic>in vitro</italic>, но снижали уровень апоптоза интактных и ФМА-активированных лимфоцитов в 3,6 (<italic>р</italic>=0,03) и 4,8–5,2 (<italic>р</italic>=0,048; <italic>р</italic>=0,03) раза соответственно. Исследования с крысиной ПОРФТ/PRP показали, что в концентрации 1,25% она обладает рост-стимулирующим действием в отношении МСК, но не лимфоцитов, культивированных <italic>in vitro</italic>. В культуре интактных лимфоцитов ПОРФТ/PRP не оказывала существенного влияния на жизнеспособность клеток при некотором снижении (в 2,7–2,9 раза, <italic>p</italic> &gt;0,05) количества некротических клеток. В культуре ФМА-активированных лимфоцитов 1,25–2,50% ПОРФТ/PRP обеспечивали повышение количества живых клеток в 1,6–2,2 раза (<italic>р</italic>=0,002, <italic>р</italic>=0,01) и снижение числа некротических клеток — в 2,0 раза (<italic>р</italic>=0,02).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. МСК, МВ МСК и ПОРФТ/PRP вызывают в убывающем порядке повышение жизнеспособности, подавление позднего апоптоза лимфоцитов селезёнки крыс при культивировании <italic>in vitro</italic>. Лимфоциты, активированные ФМА, более чувствительны к их витальному действию по сравнению с покоящимися клетками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>microvesicles</kwd><kwd>plasma enriched with soluble platelet factors</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes of rat spleen</kwd><kwd>viability</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мезенхимальные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>микровезикулы</kwd><kwd>плазма, обогащённая растворимыми факторами тромбоцитов</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты селезёнки крыс</kwd><kwd>жизнеспособность</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the grant No. 20220724 of Ministry of Health the Republic of Belarus</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта № 20220724 Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samadi P, Saki S, Manoochehri H, Sheykhhasan M. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;16(3):323–353. doi: 10.2174/1574888X15666200914142709</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samadi P., Saki S., Manoochehri H., Sheykhhasan M. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive review // Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021. Vol. 16, N 3. P. 323–353. doi: 10.2174/1574888X15666200914142709</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gowen A, Shahjin F, Chand S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: challenges in clinical applications. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:149. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gowen A., Shahjin F., Chand S., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: challenges in clinical applications // Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020. Vol. 8. P. 149. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giusti I, D’Ascenzo S, Macchiarelli G, et al. In vitro evidence supporting applications of platelet derivatives in regenerative medicine. Blood Transfus. 2020;18(2):117–129. doi: 10.2450/2019.0164-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giusti I., D’Ascenzo S., Macchiarelli G., Dolo V. In vitro evidence supporting applications of platelet derivatives in regenerative medicine // Blood Transfus. 2020. Vol. 18, N 2. Р. 117–129. doi: 10.2450/2019.0164-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan XL, Zhang Y, Li X, Fu QL. Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020;77(14):2771–2794. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03454-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan X.L., Zhang Y., Li X., Fu Q.L. Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy // Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020. Vol. 77, N 14. Р. 2771–2794. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03454-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarre C, Contreras-Lopez R, Nernpermpisooth N, et al. PPARβ/δ priming enhances the anti-apoptotic and therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02840-0 Corrected and republished from: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03086-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarre C., Contreras-Lopez R., Nernpermpisooth N., et al. PPARβ/δ priming enhances the anti-apoptotic and therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury // Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022. Vol. 13, N 1. P. 167. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02840-0 Corrected and republished from: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022. Vol. 13. P. 338. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03086-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, et al. Platelet-rich plasma ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac injury by inflammation and ferroptosis regulation. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026641. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026641</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiao Y., Zhang Q., Zhang J., et al. Platelet-rich plasma ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac injury by inflammation and ferroptosis regulation // Front Pharmacol. 2022. Vol. 13. P. 1026641. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026641</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong BBS, Pedroso JCM, Conceição Carvalho JD Jr, Ferreira LM. Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2023;78:100237. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong B.B.S., Montano Pedroso J.C., Carvalho J.C., Masako Ferreira L. Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review // Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2023. Vol. 78. P. 100237. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadono M, Nakashima A, Ishiuchi N, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in serum-free medium attenuate acute contrast-induced nephropathy by exerting anti-apoptotic effects. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1):337. doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03553-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadono M., Nakashima A., Ishiuchi N., et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in serum-free medium attenuate acute contrast-induced nephropathy by exerting anti-apoptotic effects // Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023. Vol. 14, N 1. P. 337. doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03553-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemati M, Karbalaei N, Mokarram P, Dehghani F. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the pancreatic islet survival and function, islet transplantation outcome and pancreatic pdx1 and insulin gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Growth Factors. 2020;38(3-4):137–151. doi: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881502</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nemati M., Karbalaei N., Mokarram P., Dehghani F. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the pancreatic islet survival and function, islet transplantation outcome and pancreatic pdx1 and insulin gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats // Growth Factors. 2020. Vol. 38, N 3-4. P. 137–151. doi: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881502</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopes-Pacheco M, Robba C, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. Current understanding of the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2020;36(1):83–102. doi: 10.1007/s10565-019-09493-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopes-Pacheco M., Robba C., Rocco P.R., Pelosi P. Current understanding of the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome // Cell Biol Toxicol. 2020. Vol. 36, N 1. P. 83–102. doi: 10.1007/s10565-019-09493-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova KL, Kozyreva AR, Gorshkova AA, et al. Methodological approaches to assessing the size and morphology of cell line microvesicles. Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine. 2020;(2):129–138. EDN: EJWQSX doi: 10.1007/s10517-020-04934-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова К.Л., Козырева А.Р., Горшкова А.А., и др. Использование различных методических подходов для оценки размера и морфологии микровезикул клеточных линий // Клеточные технологии в биологии и медицине. 2020. № 2. С. 129–138. EDN: EJWQSX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamaguchi R, Terashima Н, Yoneyama S, et al. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on intestinal anastomotic healing in rats: PRP concentration is a key factor. J Surg Res. 2012;173(2):258–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamaguchi R., Terashima Н., Yoneyama S., et al. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on intestinal anastomotic healing in rats: PRP concentration is a key factor // J Surg Res. 2012. Vol. 173, N 2. P. 258–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caplan AI, Dennis JE. Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators. J Cell Biochem. 2006;98(5):1076–1084. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20886</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caplan A.I., Dennis J.E. Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators // J Cell Biochem. 2006. Vol. 98, N 5. P. 1076–1084. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20886</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu Y, Karbaat L, Wu L, et al. Trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2017;23(6):515–528. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2016.0365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu Y., Karbaat L., Wu L., et al. Trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells // Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2017. Vol. 23, N 6. P. 515–528. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2016.0365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samsonraj RM, Raughunath M, Nurcombe V, et al. Concise review: multifaceted characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. Stem cells Transl Med. 2017;6(12):2173–2185. doi: 10.1002/sctm.17-0129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samsonraj R.M., Raughunath M., Nurcombe V., et al. Concise review: multifaceted characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells for use in regenerative medicine // Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017. Vol. 6, N 12. P. 2173–2185. doi: 10.1002/sctm.17-0129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuan X, Jiang Y, Yang X, et al. Advances of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles ass a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from bench to clinic. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1244930. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244930</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuan X., Jiang Y., Yang X., et al. Advances of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles ass a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from bench to clinic // Front Immunol. 2023. Vol. 14. P. 1244930. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244930</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L, ZhaoY, Shi S. Interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and lymphocytes: implications for immunotherapy and tissue regeneration. J Dent Res. 2012;91(11):1003–1010. doi: 10.1177/0022034512460404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., ZhaoY., Shi S. Interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and lymphocytes: implications for immunotherapy and tissue regeneration // J Dent Res. 2012. Vol. 91, N 11. P. 1003–1010. doi: 10.1177/0022034512460404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayala-Cuellar AP, Kang JH, Jeung EB, Choi KC. Roles of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2019;27(1):25–33. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayala-Cuellar A.P., Kang J.H., Jeung E.B., Choi K.C. Roles of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration and immunomodulation // Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2019. Vol. 27, N 1. P. 25–33. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapnev MP. Apoptosis of cells of the immune system and its regulation by cytokines. Immunologiya. 2002;23(4):237–243. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапнев М.П. Апоптоз клеток иммунной системы и его регуляция цитокинами // Иммунология. 2002. T. 23, № 4. С. 237–243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naji A, Favier B, Deschaseaux F, et al. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function in modulating cell death. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1158-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naji A., Favier B., Deschaseaux F., et al. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function in modulating cell death // Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 56. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1158-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benvenuto F, Ferrari S, Gerdoni E, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells promote survival of T cells in a quiescent state. Stem Cells. 2007;25:1753–1760. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benvenuto F., Ferrari S., Gerdoni E., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells promote survival of T cells in a quiescent state // Stem Cells. 2007. Vol. 25, N 7. P. 1753–1760. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, et al. The role of IL-6 in inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis by mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;361(3):745–750. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu G., Zhang Y., Zhang L., et al. The role of IL-6 in inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis by mesenchymal stem cells // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007. Vol. 361, N 3. P. 745–750. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bocelli-Tyndall C, Bracci L, Schaeren S, et al. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes promote and/or suppress the in vitor proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by interleukin 2, 7 and 15. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(8):1352–1359. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.094003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bocelli-Tyndall C., Bracci L., Schaeren S., et al. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes promote and/or suppress the in vitor proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by interleukin 2, 7 and 15 // Ann Rheum Dis. 2009. Vol. 68, N 8. P. 1352–1359. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.094003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubtsov Y, Goryunov K, Romanov A, et al. Molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stromal cells: a new insight into the role of ICAM-1. Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:6516854. doi: 10.1155/2017/6516854</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubtsov Y., Goryunov K., Romanov A., et al. Molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stromal cells: a new insight into the role of ICAM-1 // Stem Cells Int. 2017. Vol. 2017. P. 6516854. doi: 10.1155/2017/6516854</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang YF, Cheng YH, Ko YC, et al. Anti-apoptotic and autophagic effect: Using conditioned medium from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat human trabecular meshwork cells. Regen Ther. 2022;22:50–58. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y.F., Cheng Y.H., Ko Y.C., et al. Anti-apoptotic and autophagic effect: Using conditioned medium from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat human trabecular meshwork cells // Regen Ther. 2022. Vol. 22. P. 50–58. doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Del Fattore A, Luciano R, Pascucci L, et al. Immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on T lymphocytes. Cell Transplant. 2015;24(12):2615–2627. doi: 10.3727/096368915X687543</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Del Fattore A., Luciano R., Pascucci L., et al. Immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on T lymphocytes // Cell Transplant. 2015. Vol. 24, N 12. P. 2615–2627. doi: 10.3727/096368915X687543</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Burel S, Thepenier C, Boutin L, et al. Effect of Mesenchymal stromal cells on T cells in a septic context: immunosuppression or immunostimulation? Stem Cells Dev. 2017;26(20):1477–1489. doi: 10.1089/scd.2016.0184</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Burel S., Thepenier C., Boutin L., et al. Effect of Mesenchymal stromal cells on T cells in a septic context: immunosuppression or immunostimulation? // Stem Cells Dev. 2017. Vol. 26, N 20. P. 1477–1489. doi: 10.1089/scd.2016.0184</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizzuti V, Balducelli E, Di Nunzio M, et al. Urine-derived renal epithelial cells isolated after kidney transplant are sensitive to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin exposure during in vitro culture. Eur J Cell Biol. 2024;103(3):151442. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizzuti V., Balducelli E., Di Nunzio M., et al. Urine-derived renal epithelial cells isolated after kidney transplant are sensitive to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin exposure during in vitro culture // Eur J Cell Biol. 2024. Vol. 103, N 3. P. 151442. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikiforov VS, Blinova EA, Kotikova AI, et al. Transcriptional activity of repair, apoptosis and cell cycle genes (TP53, MDM2, ATM, BAX, BCL-2, CDKN1A, OGG1, XPC, PADI4, MAPK8, NF-KB1, STAT3, GATA3) in chronically exposed persons with different intensity of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2022;26(1):50–58. EDN: KBBUEC doi: 10.18699/VJGB-22-08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никифоров В.С., Блинова Е.А., Котикова А.И., Аклеев А.В. Транскрипционная активность генов репарации, апоптоза и клеточного цикла (TP53, MDM2, ATM, BAX, BCL-2, CDKN1A, OGG1, XPC, PADI4, MAPK8, NF-KB1, STAT3, GATA3) у хронически облученных людей с различной интенсивностью апоптоза лимфоцитов периферической крови // Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2022. Т. 26, № 1. С. 50–58. EDN: KBBUEC doi: 10.18699/VJGB-22-08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ihnatsenko SI, Kosmacheva SM, Potapnev MP, et al. Growth-stimulating activity of platelet preparations in relation to mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series [Vescì Nacyânalʹnaj akadèmìì navuk Belarusì. Seryâ bìâlagìčnyh navuk]. 2016;(1):52–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатенко С.И., Космачева С.М., Потапнев М.П., и др. Рост-стимулирующая активность препаратов тромбоцитов в отношении мезенхимальных стволовых клеток in vitro // Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук. 2016. № 1. С. 52–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strunk D, Lozano M, Marks DC, et al. International forum on GMP-grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation: summary. Vox Sang. 2018;113(1):80–87. doi: 10.1111/vox.12593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strunk D., Lozano M., Marks D.C., et al. International forum on GMP-grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation: summary // Vox Sang. 2018. Vol. 113, N 1. P. 80–87. doi: 10.1111/vox.12593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
