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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630218</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc630218</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methods of karyoplast cell cycle synchronization for increasing the efficiency of somatic cloning of farm animals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Способы синхронизации клеточного цикла кариопластов для повышения результативности соматического клонирования сельскохозяйственных животных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-014X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200071274</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4590-3971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук </p></bio><email>anastasia.s.belyaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства — ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>333</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-09-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/630218">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/630218</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Somatic cloning is a method of obtaining genetically identical offspring, which for some reason have extremely low efficiency. Methods to increase the effectiveness of this procedure aimed at optimizing each of its stages, one of which is karyoplast preparation. In most experiments, to obtain cloned offspring, oocytes are used as recipient cells at the metaphase of the second meiotic division without prior activation, which determines the choice of somatic cells as karyoplasts at the G0/G1 stage, the most optimal for subsequent nuclear reprogramming by oocyte cytoplasmic factors. Serum starvation and/or contact inhibition are the most commonly used methods for arresting cells in this phase, which allows the arrest of up to 90% of cells at the G0/G1 stage. Despite the effectiveness of these methods, they have some significant limitations; therefore, the addition of components to the culture medium of somatic cells that prevent the progression of cells through the cell cycle stages is becoming widespread. Some chemical inhibitors have a protective effect on somatic cells, preventing the induction of apoptotic changes. Although the efficacy of butyrolactone I, mimosine, and aphidicolin application is controversial, several studies have attested the possibility of using these drugs to synchronize the karyoplasts. Thus, several methods can be employed for effective synchronization of the cell cycle of karyoplasts. When choosing the optimal method, the type of cells, species of animals from which they were obtained, and permissible duration of cultivation under given conditions must be considered to minimize the negative effect of conditions on karyoplast viability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Соматическое клонирование — способ получения генетически идентичного потомства, обладающий по ряду причин крайне низкой результативностью. Способы повышения эффективности данной процедуры направлены на оптимизацию каждого из её этапов, одним из которых является подготовка кариопластов. В большинстве экспериментов по получению клонированного потомства в качестве клеток-реципиентов применяют ооциты на стадии метафазы II мейотического деления без предварительной активации, что обусловливает выбор в качестве кариопластов соматических клеток на стадии G0/G1, наиболее оптимальной для последующего репрограммирования их ядер факторами цитоплазмы ооцитов. Для остановки клеток в данной фазе наиболее часто используют методы сывороточного голодания и/или контактного ингибирования, позволяющие остановить до 90% клеток на стадии G0/G1. Однако, несмотря на эффективность данных способов, они обладают рядом существенных ограничений, в связи с чем приобретает широкое распространение добавление в среду культивирования соматических клеток компонентов, препятствующих продвижению клеток по стадиям клеточного цикла. Преимуществом применения химических ингибиторов является способность некоторых из них оказывать протекторное воздействие на соматические клетки и в результате предотвращать индукцию апоптотических изменений. Таким образом, в настоящее время существует широкий спектр методов эффективной синхронизации клеточного цикла кариопластов, и при выборе оптимального способа следует обращать внимание на тип клеток; видовую принадлежность животных, от которых они получены; допустимую продолжительность культивирования в заданных условиях с целью минимизации негативного воздействия этих условий на жизнеспособность кариопластов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SCNT</kwd><kwd>somatic cloning</kwd><kwd>cell cycle synchronization</kwd><kwd>roscovitine</kwd><kwd>rapamycin</kwd><kwd>serum starvation</kwd><kwd>contact inhibition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SCNT</kwd><kwd>соматическое клонирование</kwd><kwd>синхронизация клеточного цикла</kwd><kwd>росковитин</kwd><kwd>рапамицин</kwd><kwd>сывороточное голодание</kwd><kwd>контактное ингибирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State assignment FGGN-2024-0014)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (Государственное задание № FGGN-2024-0014)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briggs R, King TJ. 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