<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">622899</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc622899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of generation and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into retinal cells for modeling human hereditary diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности получения и дифференцировки индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток в клетки сетчатки для моделирования наследственных заболеваний человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-2758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshin</surname><given-names>Evgeniy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшин</surname><given-names>Евгений Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lapshin.ev@talantiuspeh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-438X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershovich</surname><given-names>Yulia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гершович</surname><given-names>Юлия Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>jg.gershovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-373X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9750-6964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минская</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>minskaya.es@talantiuspeh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-5182</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6898-8414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabelsky</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабельский</surname><given-names>Александр Владимироваич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>karabelskiy.av@siriusuniversity.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sirius University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-23"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/622899">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/622899</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The utilization of technology for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their subsequent differentiation is a promising approach for the study of disease pathogenesis and development of methods for treating optical neuropathies and retinopathy, which are the most common types of visual pathologies, in which retinal ganglion cells degenerate (consequently, optic nerve atrophy) or pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptors are affected, respectively. The prospect of patient-specific iPSCs has become a powerful alternative tool for discovering novel disease-causing mutations, studying genotype–phenotype relationships, screening therapeutic toxicity, and developing personalized cell therapy for optical neuropathies and retinopathies.</p> <p>Numerous studies have demonstrated the possibility of creating different types of retinal cells from iPSCs, which provides a rapid development of the research area of human diseases for which no relevant animal models are available or access to primary human tissues and cells is limited.</p> <p>This review presents various protocols for generating iPSCs from somatic cells and their subsequent differentiation, with an emphasis on the observed biological effects of the resulting cell cultures, including organoids, and discusses the prospects of using such models. The article may be useful to researchers studying the pathogenesis of various hereditary forms of blindness and developers of approaches for the treatment of these diseases who need a relevant cellular model.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Использование технологии получения индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток (ИПСК) с их последующей дифференцировкой является перспективным подходом для изучения патогенеза заболеваний и разработки способов терапии оптических нейропатий и ретинопатий — наиболее распространённых типов патологий зрительной системы, при которых происходит дегенерация ганглиозных клеток сетчатки (и как следствие — атрофия зрительного нерва) или поражаются клетки пигментного эпителия и фоторецепторы, соответственно. Перспектива получения специфичных для пациента ИПСК добавила мощный альтернативный инструмент обнаружения новых вызывающих заболевания мутаций, изучения взаимосвязей между генотипом и фенотипом, проведения скрининга терапевтической токсичности и разработки персонализированной клеточной терапии оптических нейропатий и ретинопатий.</p> <p>Многочисленные работы демонстрируют возможность создания из ИПСК различных типов клеток сетчатки, что обеспечивает бурное развитие направления исследований заболеваний человека, для которых отсутствуют релевантные животные модели или ограничен доступ к первичным тканям и клеткам человека.</p> <p>В настоящем обзоре представлено разнообразие протоколов по получению из соматических клеток ИПСК с их последующей дифференцировкой с акцентом на наблюдаемые биологические эффекты получаемых клеточных культур, в том числе и органоидов, а также обсуждаются перспективы использования таких моделей. Статья может быть полезна исследователям, изучающим патогенез различных наследственных форм слепоты, и разработчикам подходов к терапии этих заболеваний, нуждающимся в получении релевантной клеточной модели.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optic neuropathies</kwd><kwd>retinopathy</kwd><kwd>iPSCs</kwd><kwd>retinal ganglion cells</kwd><kwd>photoreceptors</kwd><kwd>retinal pigment epithelium</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптические нейропатии</kwd><kwd>ретинопатии</kwd><kwd>ИПСК</kwd><kwd>ганглиозные клетки сетчатки</kwd><kwd>фоторецепторы</kwd><kwd>пигментный эпителий сетчатки</kwd><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication of this work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-10-2021-093; Project GTHRND-2112)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация настоящей работы поддержана Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Соглашение № 075-10-2021-093; Проект GTH-RND-2112)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell. 2007;131(5):861–872. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi K., Tanabe K., Ohnuki M., et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors // Cell. 2007. Vol. 131, N 5. P. 861–872. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maherali N, Sridharan R, Xie W, et al. Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell. 2007;1(1):55–70. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maherali N., Sridharan R., Xie W., et al. Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution // Cell Stem Cell. 2007. Vol. 1, N 1. P. 55–70. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park IH, Zhao R, West JA, et al. Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature. 2008;451(7175):141–146. doi: 10.1038/nature06534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park I.H., Zhao R., West J.A., et al. Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors // Nature. 2008. Vol. 451, N 7175. P. 141–146. doi: 10.1038/nature06534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowry WE, Richter L, Yachechko R, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from dermal fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(8):2883–2888. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711983105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowry W.E., Richter L., Yachechko R., et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from dermal fibroblasts // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008. Vol. 105, N 8. P. 2883–2888. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711983105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill KP, Hewitt AW, Davidson KC, et al. Methods of retinal ganglion cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2014;3(4):7. doi: 10.1167/tvst.3.3.7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill K.P., Hewitt A.W., Davidson K.C., et al. Methods of retinal ganglion cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells // Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2014. Vol. 3, N 4. P. 7. doi: 10.1167/tvst.3.3.7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M, Chen Q, Sun X, et al. Generation of retinal ganglion-like cells from reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(11):5970–5978. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4504</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M., Chen Q., Sun X., et al. Generation of retinal ganglion-like cells from reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts // Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010. Vol. 51, N 11. P. 5970–5978. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4504</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng F, Wang X, Gu P, et al. Induction of retinal ganglion-like cells from fibroblasts by adenoviral gene delivery. Neuroscience. 2013;250:381–393. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng F., Wang X., Gu P., et al. Induction of retinal ganglion-like cells from fibroblasts by adenoviral gene delivery // Neuroscience. 2013. Vol. 250. P. 381–393. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohlemacher SK, Sridhar A, Xiao Y, et al. Stepwise differentiation of retinal ganglion cells from human pluripotent stem cells enables analysis of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Stem Cells. 2016;34(6):1553–1562. doi: 10.1002/stem.2356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlemacher S.K., Sridhar A., Xiao Y., et al. Stepwise differentiation of retinal ganglion cells from human pluripotent stem cells enables analysis of glaucomatous neurodegeneration // Stem Cells. 2016. Vol. 34, N 6. P. 1553–1562. doi: 10.1002/stem.2356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parameswaran S, Balasubramanian S, Babai N, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells generate both retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors: therapeutic implications in degenerative changes in glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Stem Cells. 2010;28(4):695–703. doi: 10.1002/stem.320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parameswaran S., Balasubramanian S., Babai N., et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells generate both retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors: therapeutic implications in degenerative changes in glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration // Stem Cells. 2010. Vol. 28, N 4. P. 695–703. doi: 10.1002/stem.320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sluch VM, Davis CH, Ranganathan V, et al. Differentiation of human ESCs to retinal ganglion cells using a CRISPR engineered reporter cell line. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16595. doi: 10.1038/srep16595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sluch V.M., Davis C.H., Ranganathan V., et al. Differentiation of human ESCs to retinal ganglion cells using a CRISPR engineered reporter cell line // Sci Rep. 2015. Vol. 5. P. 16595. doi: 10.1038/srep16595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka T, Yokoi T, Tamalu F, et al. Generation of retinal ganglion cells with functional axons from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8344. doi: 10.1038/srep08344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka T., Yokoi T., Tamalu F., et al. Generation of retinal ganglion cells with functional axons from human induced pluripotent stem cells // Sci Rep. 2015. Vol. 5. P. 8344. doi: 10.1038/srep08344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie BB, Zhang XM, Hashimoto T, et al. Differentiation of retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptor precursors from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells carrying an Atoh7/Math5 lineage reporter. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie B.B., Zhang X.M., Hashimoto T., et al. Differentiation of retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptor precursors from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells carrying an Atoh7/Math5 lineage reporter // PLoS One. 2014. Vol. 9, N 11. e112175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu YR, Wang AG, Chen YT, et al. Bioactivity and gene expression profiles of hiPSC-generated retinal ganglion cells in MT-ND4 mutated Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Exp Cell Res. 2018;363(2):299–309. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y.R., Wang A.G., Chen Y.T., et al. Bioactivity and gene expression profiles of hiPSC-generated retinal ganglion cells in MT-ND4 mutated Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy // Exp Cell Res. 2018. Vol. 363, N 2. P. 299–309. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang YP, Chang YL, Lai YH, et al. Retinal circular RNA hsa_circ_0087207 expression promotes apoptotic cell death in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy-like models. Biomedicines. 2022;10(4):788. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10040788</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y.P., Chang Y.L., Lai Y.H., et al. Retinal circular RNA hsa_circ_0087207 expression promotes apoptotic cell death in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy-like models // Biomedicines. 2022. Vol. 10, N 4. P. 788. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10040788</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong RCB, Lim SY, Hung SSC, et al. Mitochondrial replacement in an iPSC model of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Aging (Albany NY). 2017;9(4):1341–1350. doi: 10.18632/aging.101231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong R.C.B., Lim S.Y., Hung S.S.C., et al. Mitochondrial replacement in an iPSC model of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy // Aging (Albany NY). 2017. Vol. 9, N 4. P. 1341–1350. doi: 10.18632/aging.101231</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das A, Bell CM, Berlinicke CA, et al. Programmed switch in the mitochondrial degradation pathways during human retinal ganglion cell differentiation from stem cells is critical for RGC survival. Redox Biol. 2020;34:101465. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das A., Bell C.M., Berlinicke C.A., et al. Programmed switch in the mitochondrial degradation pathways during human retinal ganglion cell differentiation from stem cells is critical for RGC survival // Redox Biol. 2020. Vol. 34. P. 101465. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchholz DE, Pennington BO, Croze RH, et al. Rapid and efficient directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigmented epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2013;2(5):384–393. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0163</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchholz D.E., Pennington B.O., Croze R.H., et al. Rapid and efficient directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigmented epithelium // Stem Cells Transl Med. 2013. Vol. 2, N 5. P. 384–393. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0163</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichman S, Terray A, Slembrouck A, et al. From confluent human iPS cells to self-forming neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(23):8518–8523. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1324212111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichman S., Terray A., Slembrouck A., et al. From confluent human iPS cells to self-forming neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014. Vol. 111, N 23. P. 8518–8523. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1324212111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuwahara A, Ozone C, Nakano T, et al. Generation of a ciliary margin-like stem cell niche from self-organizing human retinal tissue. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6286. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuwahara A., Ozone C., Nakano T., et al. Generation of a ciliary margin-like stem cell niche from self organizing human retinal tissue // Nat Commun. 2015. Vol. 6. P. 6286. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7286</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer JS, Howden SE, Wallace KA, et al. Optic vesicle-like structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells facilitate a customized approach to retinal disease treatment. Stem Cells. 2011;29(8):1206–1218. doi: 10.1002/stem.674</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer J.S., Howden S.E., Wallace K.A., et al. Optic vesicle-like structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells facilitate a customized approach to retinal disease treatment // Stem Cells. 2011. Vol. 29, N 8. P. 1206–1218. doi: 10.1002/stem.674</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang YP, Nguyen PNN, Lin TC, et al. Glutamate stimulation dysregulates AMPA receptors-induced signal transduction pathway in Leber’s inherited optic neuropathy patient-specific hiPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells. Cells. 2019;8(6):625. doi: 10.3390/cells8060625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y.P., Nguyen P.N.N., Lin T.C., et al. Glutamate stimulation dysregulates AMPA receptors-induced signal transduction pathway in Leber’s inherited optic neuropathy patient-specific hiPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells // Cells. 2019. Vol. 8, N 6. P. 625. doi: 10.3390/cells8060625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Idelson M, Alper R, Obolensky A, et al. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;5(4):396–408. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Idelson M., Alper R., Obolensky A., et al. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells // Cell Stem Cell. 2009. Vol. 5, N 4. P. 396–408. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osakada F, Jin ZB, Hirami Y, et al. In vitro differentiation of retinal cells from human pluripotent stem cells by small-molecule induction. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(Pt 17):3169–3179. doi: 10.1242/jcs.050393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osakada F., Jin Z.B., Hirami Y., et al. In vitro differentiation of retinal cells from human pluripotent stem cells by small-molecule induction // J Cell Sci. 2009. Vol. 122, Pt 17. P. 3169–3179. doi: 10.1242/jcs.050393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabó NE, Zhao T, Zhou X, Alvarez-Bolado G. The role of Sonic hedgehog of neural origin in thalamic differentiation in the mouse. J Neurosci. 2009;29(8):2453–2466. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4524-08.2009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo N.E., Zhao T., Zhou X., Alvarez-Bolado G. The role of Sonic hedgehog of neural origin in thalamic differentiation in the mouse // J Neurosci. 2009. Vol. 29, N 8. P. 2453–2466. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4524-08.2009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badea TC, Williams J, Smallwood P, et al. Combinatorial expression of Brn3 transcription factors in somatosensory neurons: genetic and morphologic analysis. J Neurosci. 2012;32(3):995–1007. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4755-11.2012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badea T.C., Williams J., Smallwood P., et al. Combinatorial expression of Brn3 transcription factors in somatosensory neurons: genetic and morphologic analysis // J Neurosci. 2012. Vol. 32, N 3. P. 995–1007. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4755-11.2012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riazifar H, Jia Y, Chen J, et al. Chemically induced specification of retinal ganglion cells from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2014;3(4):424–432. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riazifar H., Jia Y., Chen J., et al. Chemically induced specification of retinal ganglion cells from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells // Stem Cells Transl Med. 2014. Vol. 3, N 4. P. 424–432. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang TC, Yarmishyn AA, Yang YP, et al. Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients. Hum Mol Genet. 2020;29(9):1454–1464. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang T.C., Yarmishyn A.A., Yang Y.P., et al. Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients // Hum Mol Genet. 2020. Vol. 29, N 9. P. 1454–1464. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nie Z, Wang C, Chen J, et al. Abnormal morphology and function in retinal ganglion cells derived from patients-specific iPSCs generated from individuals with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Hum Mol Genet. 2023;32(2):231–243. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac190</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nie Z., Wang C., Chen J., et al. Abnormal morphology and function in retinal ganglion cells derived from patients-specific iPSCs generated from individuals with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy // Hum Mol Genet. 2023. Vol. 32, N 2. P. 231–243. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac190</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ji D, Su X, Hu C, et al. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy carrying a homoplasmic m.3635G &gt; A mutation in the mitochondrial ND1 gene. Stem Cell Res. 2022;63:102858. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ji D., Su X., Hu C., et al. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy carrying a homoplasmic m.3635G &gt; A mutation in the mitochondrial ND1 gene // Stem Cell Res. 2022. Vol. 63. P. 102858. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102858</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teo AK, Arnold SJ, Trotter MW, et al. Pluripotency factors regulate definitive endoderm specification through eomesodermin. Genes Dev. 2011;25(3):238–250. doi: 10.1101/gad.607311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teo A.K., Arnold S.J., Trotter M.W., et al. Pluripotency factors regulate definitive endoderm specification through eomesodermin // Genes Dev. 2011. Vol. 25, N 3. P. 238–250. doi: 10.1101/gad.607311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Stem Cell Initiative. Assessment of established techniques to determine developmental and malignant potential of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1925. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04011-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Stem Cell Initiative. Assessment of established techniques to determine developmental and malignant potential of human pluripotent stem cells // Nat Commun. 2018. Vol. 9, N 1. P. 1925. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04011-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lidgerwood GE, Lim SY, Crombie DE, et al. Defined medium conditions for the induction and expansion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2016;12(2):179–188. doi: 10.1007/s12015-015-9636-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lidgerwood G.E., Lim S.Y., Crombie D.E., et al. Defined medium conditions for the induction and expansion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium // Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2016. Vol. 12, N 2. P. 179–188. doi: 10.1007/s12015-015-9636-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Antonio-Chronowska A, D’Antonio M, Frazer KA. In vitro differentiation of human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells (iPSC-RPE). Bio Protoc. 2019;9(24):e3469. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.3469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Antonio-Chronowska A., D’Antonio M., Frazer K.A. In vitro differentiation of human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells (iPSC-RPE) // Bio Protoc. 2019. Vol. 9, N 24. P. e3469. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.3469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazim RA, Karumbayaram S, Jiang M, et al. Differentiation of RPE cells from integration-free iPS cells and their cell biological characterization. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):217. Corrected and republished from: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0652-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazim R.A., Karumbayaram S., Jiang M., et al. Differentiation of RPE cells from integration-free iPS cells and their cell biological characterization // Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017. Vol. 8, N 1. P. 217. Corrected and republished from: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 52. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0652-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma R, Khristov V, Rising A, et al. Clinical-grade stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch rescues retinal degeneration in rodents and pigs. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(475):eaat5580. Corrected and republished from: Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(478). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat5580</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma R., Khristov V., Rising A., et al. Clinical-grade stem cell–derived retinal pigment epithelium patch rescues retinal degeneration in rodents and pigs // Sci Transl Med. 2019. Vol. 11, N 475. P. eaat5580. Corrected and republished from: Sci Transl Med. 2019. Vol. 11, N 478. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat5580</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rzhanova L, Kuznetsova A, Aleksandrova M. Reprogramming of differentiated mammalian and human retinal pigment epithelium: current achievements and prospects. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology. 2020;51(4):212–230. EDN: RXSBOK doi: 10.31857/S0475145020040060</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ржанова Л.А., Кузнецова A.В., Александрова M.А. Репрограммирование дифференцированного ретинального пигментного эпителия млекопитающих и человека: современные достижения и перспективы // Онтогенез. 2020. Т. 51, № 4. С. 254–274. EDN: RXSBOK doi: 10.31857/S0475145020040060</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hallam D, Hilgen G, Dorgau B, et al. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells generate light responsive retinal organoids with variable and nutrient-dependent efficiency. Stem Cells. 2018;36(10):1535–1551. doi: 10.1002/stem.2883</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hallam D., Hilgen G., Dorgau B., et al. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells generate light responsive retinal organoids with variable and nutrient-dependent efficiency // Stem Cells. 2018. Vol. 36, N 10. P. 1535–1551. doi: 10.1002/stem.2883</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hau KL, Lane A, Guarascio R, Cheetham ME. Eye on a dish models to evaluate splicing modulation. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2434:245–255. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hau K.L., Lane A., Guarascio R., Cheetham M.E. Eye on a dish models to evaluate splicing modulation // Methods Mol Biol. 2022. Vol. 2434. P. 245–255. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen DRG, Brown FE, Cree AJ, et al. Sorsby fundus dystrophy — a review of pathology and disease mechanisms. Exp Eye Res. 2017;165:35–46. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen D.R.G., Brown F.E., Cree A.J., et al. Sorsby fundus dystrophy — a review of pathology and disease mechanisms // Exp Eye Res. 2017. Vol. 165. P. 35–46. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hongisto H, Dewing JM, Christensen DR, et al. In vitro stem cell modelling demonstrates a proof-of-concept for excess functional mutant TIMP3 as the cause of Sorsby fundus dystrophy. J Pathol. 2020;252(2):138–150. doi: 10.1002/path.5506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hongisto H., Dewing J.M., Christensen D.R., et al. In vitro stem cell modelling demonstrates a proof-of-concept for excess functional mutant TIMP3 as the cause of Sorsby fundus dystrophy // J Pathol. 2020. Vol. 252, N 2. P. 138–150. doi: 10.1002/path.5506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galloway CA, Dalvi S, Hung SSC, et al. Drusen in patient-derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(39):E8214–E8223. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710430114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galloway C.A., Dalvi S., Hung S.S.C., et al. Drusen in patient derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017. Vol. 114, N 39. P. E8214–E8223. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710430114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandai M, Watanabe A, Kurimoto Y, et al. Autologous induced stem-cell-derived retinal cells for macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(11):1038–1046. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1608368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandai M., Watanabe A., Kurimoto Y., et al. Autologous induced stem-cell-derived retinal cells for macular degeneration // N Engl J Med. 2017. Vol. 376, N 11. P. 1038–1046. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1608368</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukovic D, Artero Castro A, Kaya KD, et al. Retinal organoids derived from hiPSCs of an AIPL1-LCA patient maintain cytoarchitecture despite reduced levels of mutant AIPL1. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5426. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62047-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukovic D., Artero Castro A., Kaya K.D., et al. Retinal organoids derived from hiPSCs of an AIPL1-LCA patient maintain cytoarchitecture despite reduced levels of mutant AIPL1 // Sci Rep. 2020. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 5426. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62047-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perdigão PRL, Ollington B, Sai H, et al. Retinal organoids from an AIPL1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cell line successfully recapitulate the molecular features of LCA4 disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5912. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065912</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perdigão P.R.L., Ollington B., Sai H., et al. Retinal organoids from an AIPL1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cell line successfully recapitulate the molecular features of LCA4 disease // Int J Mol Sci. 2023. Vol. 24, N 6. P. 5912. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065912</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leung A, Sacristan-Reviriego A, Perdigão PRL, et al. Investigation of PTC124-mediated translational readthrough in a retinal organoid model of AIPL1-associated Leber congenital amaurosis. Stem Cell Reports. 2022;17(10):2187–2202. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leung A., Sacristan-Reviriego A., Perdigão P.R.L., et al. Investigation of PTC124-mediated translational readthrough in a retinal organoid model of AIPL1-associated Leber congenital amaurosis // Stem Cell Reports. 2022. Vol. 17, N 10. P. 2187–2202. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eade KT, Ansell BRE, Giles S, et al. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function. J Clin Invest. 2023;133(9):e163771. doi: 10.1172/JCI163771</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eade K.T., Ansell B.R.E., Giles S., et al. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function // J Clin Invest. 2023. Vol. 133, N 9. P. e163771. doi: 10.1172/JCI163771</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang Y, Tan F, Sun X, et al. Aberrant retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of a retinitis pigmentosa patient with the PRPF6 mutation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16):9049. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang Y., Tan F., Sun X., et al. Aberrant retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of a retinitis pigmentosa patient with the PRPF6 mutation // Int J Mol Sci. 2022. Vol. 23, N 16. P. 9049. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lane A, Jovanovic K, Shortall C, et al. Modeling and rescue of RP2 retinitis pigmentosa using iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Stem Cell Reports. 2020;15(1):67–79. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lane A., Jovanovic K., Shortall C., et al. Modeling and rescue of RP2 retinitis pigmentosa using iPSC-derived retinal organoids // Stem Cell Reports. 2020. Vol. 15, N 1. P. 67–79. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheremet NL, Mikaelyan AA, Andreev AYu, et al. Possibilities of an experimental damaging effect on the retinal pigment epithelium. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2021;137(1):5–12. EDN: GARRBX doi: 10.17116/oftalma20211370115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шеремет Н.Л., Микаелян А.А., Андреев А.Ю., и др. Возможности экспериментального моделирования повреждающего воздействия на пигментный эпителий сетчатки // Вестник офтальмологии. 2021. Т. 137, № 1. С. 5–12. EDN: GARRBX doi: 10.17116/oftalma20211370115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neroeva NV, Neroev VV, Katargina LA, et al. Experimental stem cell replacement transplantation in retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. EDN: DESQXT 2022;138(3):7–15. doi: 10.17116/oftalma20221380317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нероева Н.В., Нероев В.В., Катаргина Л.А., и др. Заместительная трансплантация стволовыми клетками при атрофии ретинального пигментного эпителия в эксперименте // Вестник офтальмологии. 2022. Т. 138, № 3. С. 7–15. EDN: DESQXT doi: 10.17116/oftalma20221380317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharitonov AE, Surdina AV, Lebedeva OS, et al. Possibilities for using pluripotent stem cells for restoring damaged eye retinal pigment epithelium. Acta Naturae. 2018;10(3):30–39. EDN: YLQJET doi: 10.32607/20758251-2018-10-3-30-39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харитонов A.E., Сурдина A.В., Лебедева O.С., и др. Возможности использования плюрипотентных стволовых клеток для восстановления поврежденного пигментного эпителия сетчатки глаза // Acta Naturae. 2018. Т. 10, № 3. C. 31–41. EDN: SKFHIN doi: 10.32607/20758251-2018-10-3-30-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakano T, Ando S, Takata N, et al. Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;10(6):771–785. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakano T., Ando S., Takata N., et al. Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs // Cell Stem Cell. 2012. Vol. 10, N 6. P. 771–785. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellough CB, Collin J, Queen R, et al. Systematic comparison of retinal organoid differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells reveals stage specific, cell line, and methodological differences. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8(7):694–706. doi: 10.1002/sctm.18-0267</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellough C.B., Collin J., Queen R., et al. Systematic comparison of retinal organoid differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells reveals stage specific, cell line, and methodological differences // Stem Cell Transl Med. 2019. Vol. 8, N 7. P. 694–706. doi: 10.1002/sctm.18-0267</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong X, Gutierrez C, Xue T, et al. Generation of three-dimensional retinal tissue with functional photoreceptors from human iPSCs. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4047. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong X., Gutierrez C., Xue T., et al. Generation of three-dimensional retinal tissue with functional photoreceptors from human iPSCs // Nat Commun. 2014. Vol. 5. P. 4047. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahlin KJ, Maruotti JA, Sripathi SR, et al. Photoreceptor outer segment-like structures in long-term 3D retinas from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):766. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00774-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahlin K.J., Maruotti J.A., Sripathi S.R., et al. Photoreceptor outer segment-like structures in long-term 3D retinas from human pluripotent stem cells // Sci Rep. 2017. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 766. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00774-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z, Xu Z, Yuan F, et al. Retinal organoid technology: where are we now? Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10244. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Xu Z., Yuan F., et al. Retinal organoid technology: where are we now? // Int J Mol Sci. 2021. Vol. 22, N 19. P. 10244. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh MS, Park SS, Albini TA, et al. Retinal stem cell transplantation: balancing safety and potential. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2020;75:100779. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100779</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh M.S., Park S.S., Albini T.A., et al. Retinal stem cell transplantation: balancing safety and potential // Prog Retin Eye Res. 2020. Vol. 75. P. 100779. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100779</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichman S, Slembrouck A, Gagliardi G, et al. Generation of storable retinal organoids and retinal pigmented epithelium from adherent human iPS cells in xeno-free and feeder-free conditions. Stem Cells. 2017;35(5):1176–1188. doi: 10.1002/stem.2586</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichman S., Slembrouck A., Gagliardi G., et al. Generation of storable retinal organoids and retinal pigmented epithelium from adherent human iPS cells in xeno-free and feeder-free conditions // Stem Cells. 2017. Vol. 35, N 5. P. 1176–1188. doi: 10.1002/stem.2586</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
