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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">568067</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc568067</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Age-related differences in the interhemispheric asymmetry of local cortical responses to abstract and concrete verbs in children: a magnetic mismatch negativity study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возрастная динамика межполушарной асимметрии ответов коры головного мозга на абстрактные и конкретные глаголы у детей: магнитоэнцефалографическое исследование с использованием парадигмы негативности рассогласования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-931X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6052-9784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulanov</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уланов</surname><given-names>Максим Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maxim.ulanov.report@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5057</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7554-5135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopytin</surname><given-names>Grigory A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копытин</surname><given-names>Григорий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grekopy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-3634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bermudez-Margaretto</surname><given-names>Beatriz</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бермудес-Маргаретто</surname><given-names>Беатрис</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychological)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.псих.н.</p></bio><email>bermudezmargaretto@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-0221</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1967-6543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pomelova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Помелова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pomelivaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-9421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2969-9060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popyvanova</surname><given-names>Alyona V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попыванова</surname><given-names>Алена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>al.popyvanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0955-6633</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2811-5723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagovechtchenski</surname><given-names>Evgeny D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благовещенский</surname><given-names>Евгений Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>zhenja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-1610</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7234-1453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Виктория Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>moiseeva.victoria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-9878</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6010-6538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>Анна  Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychological)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.псих.н.</p></bio><email>a.shestakova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-6950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jääskeläinen</surname><given-names>Iiro P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яскелайнен</surname><given-names>Ииро П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychological)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.псих.н.</p></bio><email>iiro.p.jaaskelainen@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-4902</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7655-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrov</surname><given-names>Yury Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штыров</surname><given-names>Юрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DK">Denmark</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Psychological)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.псих.н.</p></bio><email>yury@cfin.au.dk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Salamanca</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Саламанки</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской травматологии и ортопедии имени Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Aarhus University, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Орхусский университет, Центр функционально-интегрированных нейронаук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>409</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-05"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-06"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/568067">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/568067</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> The development of brain neural networks that support lexico-semantic processing in children remains a poorly understood topic in neuroscience. Meanwhile, investigations in adults have provided ample evidence regarding the brain circuits underpinning the processing of abstract and concrete semantics. These studies have shown that interhemispheric asymmetry in neural responses across modal and amodal cortical areas might be an important marker that helps in distinguishing these two types of semantics, with more left-lateralized activity patterns for abstract than concrete word comprehension. However, little is known about such distinctions in children; thus, addressing this gap was the goal of this study.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic> This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in the lateralization of neural response patterns associated with the processing of abstract and concrete semantics in children.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic> This study employed magnetoencephalography and a mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm in a group of 41 healthy children aged 5–13 years. The participants were passively exposed to the auditory series of abstract and concrete Russian verbs presented outside the focus of attention. Spatiotemporal patterns of the dynamics of neuromagnetic sources activity were reconstructed using minimum-norm estimate within predefined regions of interest: primary auditory cortex, primary motor cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus of both hemispheres. The magnitudes of MMN responses were further compared statistically between the two hemispheres within two age groups: younger (aged 5–9 years) and older (aged 10–13 years) children.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> Regionally specific differences were found in the lateralization of event-related MMN responses to concrete compared with abstract words in motor and inferior frontal cortical areas (paired permutation tests, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05). Moreover, in the younger group (aged 5–9 years), responses to the abstract and pseudoword stimulus were left-lateralized, and this effect was most pronounced in the inferior frontal regions (45 and 47 Brodmann fields) of the left hemisphere. In the older group (aged 10–13 years), no pronounced left-lateralized response was observed in these areas. However, for the concrete hand action verb stimulus, different patterns of the interhemispheric asymmetry of the hand motor area responses were observed: the response in the younger group was right-lateralized, whereas in the older group, the response was bilateral.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>:</italic> The present area- and hemisphere-specific dynamics of neuromagnetic responses in the motor cortex and Broca’s area might correlate with the age-related changes in neurocognitive strategies for the comprehension of abstract and concrete language.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Онтогенез мозговых нейросетей, обеспечивающих обработку лексико-семантической информации в детском возрасте, остаётся малоизученной областью физиологии высшей нервной деятельности человека. В то же время исследования на взрослых испытуемых уже достигли значительного прогресса в обнаружении нейронных контуров, отвечающих за обработку мозгом абстрактной и конкретной семантической информации. В частности, исследования на взрослых показали, что важным маркёром, различающим процессы обработки этих двух базовых типов семантики, является межполушарная асимметрия нейронной активности в модально-специфических и модально-неспецифических областях коры головного мозга (ГМ): как правило, в ответ на абстрактные слова регистрируется более леволатерализованая активность, чем при восприятии конкретных слов. Вместе с тем данные об аналогичных различиях у детей отсутствуют; целью настоящего исследования стало заполнение этого пробела.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить возрастные особенности латерализации паттернов нейрональных ответов, связанные с обработкой абстрактной и конкретной речевой семантики у испытуемых детского возраста.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. В настоящем исследовании участвовали здоровые дети в возрасте от 5 до 13 лет (<italic>n</italic>=41). Мы использовали метод магнитоэнцефалографии (МЭГ) в сочетании с парадигмой негативности рассогласования (НР). Испытуемым пассивно, вне фокуса произвольного внимания, предъявляли серии слуховых стимулов, содержащие абстрактные и конкретные глаголы русского языка. Пространственно-временную динамику активности источников нейромагнитной НР реконструировали методом наименьшей нормы (minimum-norm estimate, MNE) для заранее определённых областей интереса: первичной слуховой коры, первичной моторной коры и нижней лобной извилины в обоих полушариях ГМ. Для каждой области и типа стимула производили статистическое сравнение магнитуд ответов НР между левым и правым полушариями в младшей (5–9 лет) и старшей (10–13 лет) возрастных группах.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Мы обнаружили регионально-специфические различия в латерализации вызванных ответов НР на конкретные и абстрактные слова в моторных и нижних лобных областях коры ГМ (парный пермутационный тест, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). Более того, в младшей возрастной группе (5–9 лет) ответы на предъявление абстрактного стимула и стимула-псевдослова были латерализованы влево, и этот эффект наиболее выражен в нижних лобных областях (поля Бродмана 45 и 47) левого полушария. В старшей возрастной группе (10–13 лет) выраженного леволатерального ответа в этих областях не наблюдалось. Вместе с тем для конкретного стимула — глагола, обозначающего движение руки — отмечено различие в картине межполушарной асимметрии ответов представительства руки в моторной коре: ответ у детей младшей возрастной группы был праволатерализованным, в то время как у детей в старшей возрастной группе — билатеральным.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные локальные и межполушарные различия динамики нейромагнитных ответов моторной коры и области Брока можно рассматривать как коррелят возрастных изменений в нейрокогнитивных стратегиях восприятия абстрактной и конкретной речевой семантики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>semantics</kwd><kwd>functional laterality</kwd><kwd>magnetoencephalography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>семантика</kwd><kwd>функциональная латерализация</kwd><kwd>магнитоэнцефалография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work is an output of a research project supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant N 20-68-47038) and was carried out using the HSE “Automated system of non-invasive brain stimulation with the possibility of synchronous registration of brain activity and registration of eye movements”</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Научное исследование проведено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант 20-68-47038), а также с использованием Уникальной научной установки НИУ ВШЭ «Автоматизированная система неинвазивной стимуляции мозга с возможностью синхронной регистрации биотоков мозга и отслеживания глазодвижения»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pulvermüller F. 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