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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">546031</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc546031</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Model of toxic fibrosis in Wistar rats: morphological and molecular-genetic parameters of the transition point to cirrhosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модель токсического фиброза у крыс линии Wistar: морфологические и молекулярно-генетические параметры точки перехода в цирроз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-4248</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4049-3213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Елена Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент</p></bio><email>lebedeva.ya-elenale2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-4240</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3289-6156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchastniy</surname><given-names>Anatoly T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щастный</surname><given-names>Анатолий Тадеушевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>rectorvsmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-970X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9715-4070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenka</surname><given-names>Andrei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., доцент</p></bio><email>labmdbt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarussian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-23"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-03"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/546031">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/546031</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> To date, when studying the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms of liver fibrogenesis in experimental rat models, no attention is paid to the transition point of fibrosis to cirrhosis as a separate stage. As this pathology develops, changes in the cell phenotype and gene expression are dynamic in nature, so it is necessary to evaluate them in a long-term temporal dynamics.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> The aim of this work is to study the morphological and molecular genetic changes in the liver of Wistar rats during nodular parenchymal rearrangement.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold> Fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver in male Wistar rats was induced with a freshly prepared solution of thioacetamide, which was administered intragastrically through a tube at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight 2 times a week for 13 weeks. The level of mRNA of the <italic>tweak (tnfsf12)</italic>,<italic> fn14 (tnfrsf12a)</italic>,<italic> ang</italic>,<italic> vegfa</italic>,<italic> cxcl12 (sdf)</italic>, and<italic> mmp-9</italic> genes in the liver was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections. α-SMA, FAP, CD68, CD206, CX3CR1, CD45 were used as markers. The area of interlobular veins and interlobular arteries was measured (µm<sup>2</sup>). The number of sinusoidal capillaries and interlobular veins was counted.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Based on the results obtained, it is possible to establish the transition point of fibrosis to cirrhosis as an independent separate stage of fibrogenesis. This transition was identified at stage F5, and the process itself — from F4/F5 to F6.</p> <p>With the growth of fibrous tissue and nodular restructuring of the liver parenchyma, no progression of dystrophic processes and an increase in the zones of necrosis and necrobiosis of hepatocytes were noted. The number of α-SMA<sup>+</sup> and FAP<sup>+</sup> cells in the period F4–F5 did not change (<italic>p</italic>=0.2073 and<italic> p</italic>=0.3775, respectively). At the same time, significant F6 cirrhosis was accompanied by an increase in their number by 1.5 times (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.00001). Differences in the number of CD68<sup>+</sup> cells were revealed only at the F4/F5 stage (2.0 times higher than the control, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.00001). The number of CD206<sup>+</sup>, CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> and CD45<sup>+</sup> cells remained the same. An increase in the number of interlobular veins (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.00001) and a decrease in sinusoidal capillaries (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.00001) were found compared to the control.</p> <p>The transition to cirrhosis was characterized by changes in the expression levels of <italic>tweak</italic>,<italic> fn14</italic>,<italic> ang</italic>,<italic> vegfa</italic>,<italic> cxcl12</italic>, and <italic>mmp-9</italic> mRNAs, as well as the presence and strength of the relationship between them. Significant correlations were revealed between the target genes (<italic>r</italic>=0.5–0.84; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> На сегодняшний день при исследовании клеточных и молекулярно-генетических механизмов фиброгенеза печени на экспериментальных моделях крыс не уделяется достаточного внимания точке перехода фиброза в цирроз как отдельной стадии. По мере развития данной патологии изменения фенотипа клеток и экспрессии генов носят динамичный характер, поэтому необходимо их оценивать во временнόй долгосрочной динамике.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — изучить морфологические и молекулярно-генетические изменения печени крыс Wistar при узловой перестройке паренхимы.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Фиброз и цирроз печени у крыс-самцов линии Wistar индуцировали свежеприготовленным раствором тиоацетамида, который вводили интрагастрально через зонд в дозе 200 мг/кг массы тела 2 раза в неделю в течение 13 нед. Уровень мРНК генов <italic>tweak (tnfsf12)</italic>, <italic>fn14 (tnfrsf12a)</italic>, <italic>ang</italic>, <italic>vegfa</italic>, <italic>cxcl12 (sdf)</italic> и <italic>mmp-9</italic> в печени выявляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Иммуногистохимическое исследование проводили на парафиновых срезах. В качестве маркёров использовали α-SMA, FAP, CD68, CD206, СХ3СR1, CD45. Измеряли площадь междольковых вен и междольковых артерий (мкм<sup>2</sup>). Подсчитывали количество синусоидных капилляров и междольковых вен.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> На основании полученных результатов можно установить точку перехода фиброза в цирроз как самостоятельный отдельный этап фиброгенеза. В рамках настоящих исследований переход был зафиксирован на стадии F5, а сам процесс — с F4/F5 по F6.</p> <p>При разрастании фиброзной ткани и узловой перестройке паренхимы печени не отмечали прогрессирования дистрофических процессов и увеличения зон некроза и некробиоза гепатоцитов. Количество клеток α-SMA<sup>+</sup> и FAP<sup>+ </sup>на стадиях F4–F5 не изменилось (<italic>р</italic>=0,2073 и <italic>р</italic>=0,3775 соответственно). При этом достоверный цирроз стадии F6 сопровождался ростом числа этих клеток в 1,5 раза (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,00001). По количеству клеток CD68<sup>+</sup> отличия выявлены только на стадии F4/F5 (в 2,0 раза выше контроля, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,00001). Число клеток CD206<sup>+</sup>, CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> и CD45<sup>+</sup> оставалось прежним. Установлено увеличение количества междольковых вен (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,00001) и снижение — синусоидных капилляров (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,00001) по сравнению с контролем.</p> <p>Переход фиброза печени в цирроз характеризовался изменением уровней экспрессии мРНК <italic>tweak</italic>,<italic> fn14</italic>,<italic> ang</italic>,<italic> vegfa</italic>,<italic> cxcl12 </italic>и<italic> mmp-9</italic>, а также наличием и силой взаимосвязи между ними. Между генами-мишенями выявили значимые корреляционные связи (<italic>r</italic>=0,50–0,84; <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,01).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Точка перехода фиброза в цирроз имеет морфологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности, которые расширяют знания о патоморфологических изменениях печени.</p> <p>Ключевые слова: крысы; фиброз печени; цирроз печени; экспрессия генов; уровень мРНК; иммуногистохимия; клетки; сосуды; корреляционные связи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>mRNA level</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>cells</kwd><kwd>vessels</kwd><kwd>correlations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>уровень мРНК</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>клетки</kwd><kwd>сосуды</kwd><kwd>корреляционные связи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state scientific research program “Basic and applied sciences - medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus, task 2.89 “Study the role of the expression of genes of NOTCH- and TWEAK-signaling pathways involved in the processes of proliferation and differentiation of liver cells in normal conditions and in its toxic state defeat" (registration number 20190107).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственной программы научных исследований «Фундаментальные и прикладные науки — медицине» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь, задание 2.89 «Изучить роль экспрессии генов NOTCH- и TWEAK-сигнальных путей, участвующих в процессах пролиферации и дифференцировки клеток печени в норме и при её токсическом поражении» (регистрационный номер 20190107).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu P, Mao Y, Xie Y, et al. 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