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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">546020</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc546020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological features of microglial cells in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические особенности микроглиальных клеток в мышиной модели болезни Альцгеймера 5xFAD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-6034</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1895-6675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhalnikov</surname><given-names>Alexandr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охальников</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a11o20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7867-8837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8116-0326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrish</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриш</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mary_gavrish@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8150-6649</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5705-7846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaev</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаев</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент</p></bio><email>alexisbabaev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Neurosciences, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт нейронаук Национального исследовательского Нижегородского государственного университета имени Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/546020">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/546020</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> Aging is an inevitable and irreversible process associated with increased risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases, one of which is Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the role of glial cells, in particular microglia, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is being actively studied. However, only a few studies have correlated the morphological features of microglia and their spatial arrangement in relation to β-amyloid plaques.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>:</italic> Describe the main morphological parameters of microglia in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease at a late stage of pathology development.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic> As the studied object, mice were chosen by the age of 15–16 months of the 5xFAD line, as a model of acceleid amyloidosis. The immunohistochemical staining of the study of the morphological diversity of microglia was carried out on the cuts of the cortex of the mouse brain. The obtained confocal images performed an immunogystological analysis of the cuts of the cerebral cortex when analyzed using the Imagej application using the plugins of Skeleton, AnalyzeSkeleton (2D/3D) and FracLac.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> During the study, 5xFAD mice were divided into two groups (<italic>n</italic>=3 each). Carriers of the <italic>app</italic> and <italic>psen1</italic> transgenes were assigned to the “FAD” group, and wild-type mice were assigned to the “Wt” group (control). We analyzed 3–4 sagittal sections (50 µm) of the brain from each mouse. The results showed that microglial cells from mice with signs of Alzheimer's disease have smaller fractal dimension, lacunarity and branching.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>:</italic> The presence of β-amyloid plaques contributes to the migration of microglia to the focus of inflammation, its proliferation and transition to the phagocytic and dystrophic subtype. According to fractal analysis, there is a significant (<italic>p</italic> ≤0.05) decrease in the average branching of microglial processes, a decrease in fractal dimension and lacunarity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Старение — неизбежный и необратимый процесс, связанный с повышенным риском развития различных нейродегенеративных заболеваний, одним из которых является болезнь Альцгеймера. В настоящее время активно изучается роль глиальных клеток, в частности микроглии, в патогенезе болезни Альцгеймера. Однако лишь в немногих исследованиях коррелировались морфологические особенности микроглии и их пространственное расположение по отношению к β-амилоидным бляшкам.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — описать основные морфологические параметры микроглии в мышиной модели болезни Альцгеймера 5xFAD на поздней стадии развития патологии.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. В качестве исследуемого объекта были выбраны мыши линии 5xFAD в возрасте 15–16 мес как модель ускоренного амилоидоза. Иммуногистохимическое окрашивание для изучения морфологического разнообразия микроглии проводили на срезах коры головного мозга мыши. Полученные конфокальные изображения анализировали при помощи приложения ImageJ с использованием плагинов Skeleton, AnalyzeSkeleton (2D/3D) и FracLac.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В ходе исследования мышей линии 5xFAD разделили на две группы (<italic>n</italic>=3 в каждой). Носители трансгенов <italic>app</italic> и <italic>psen1</italic> были отнесены в группу «FAD», мыши дикого типа — в группу «Wt» (контроль). От каждой мыши нами проанализировано 3–4 сагиттальных среза (50 мкм) головного мозга. Полученные результаты показали, что микроглиальные клетки мышей с признаками болезни Альцгеймера имеют меньшие фрактальную размерность, лакунарность и ветвление.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Наличие β-амилоидных бляшек способствует миграции микроглии в очаг воспаления, её пролиферации и переходу в фагоцитирующий и дистрофический подтип. По данным фрактального анализа, происходит статистически значимое (<italic>р</italic> ≤0,05) уменьшение среднего ветвления микроглиальных отростков, снижение фрактальной размерности и лакунарности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>cell morphology</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>5xFAD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>клеточная морфология</kwd><kwd>иммуногистологический анализ</kwd><kwd>5xFAD</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project N FSWR-2023-0029)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Научное исследование проведено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (проект № FSWR-2023-0029)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garaschuk O. 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