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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">492252</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/gc492252</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Periodization of adaptation-compensatory remodeling of brain structures in incomplete permanent cerebral hypoperfusion in rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Периодизация адаптационно-компенсаторных перестроек структур головного мозга при неполной перманентной церебральной гипоперфузии у крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-6419</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1898-3355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-5800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3734-5479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chrishtop</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криштоп</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>chrishtop@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-4262</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2161-4838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonorova</surname><given-names>Varvara G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонорова</surname><given-names>Варвара Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bgnikon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7536</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1147-3072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>semfeodosia82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-7219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3622-5270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrustaleva</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрусталева</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>khrustaleva-julia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St Petersburg University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientiﬁc Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-01-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-05"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-03-28"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/492252">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/492252</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bilateral one-stage ligation of the common carotid arteries in rats is the most common method of forming prolonged cerebral hypoxia with cognitive impairment. Pharmacological studies are most commonly performed at the early postoperative periods, up to 3 days. They are characterized by neuronal death, hypoenergetic state, and edema. In the acute period (3–8 days), changes are associated with the activation of astrocytes, which form intercellular cooperation between the neuron, hemocapillary, and respiratory burst of neutrophil granulocytes. Thus, the permeability of the blood–brain barrier increases, accompanied by the death of one part of the neurons and the improvement of the vitality of another part. The subacute period (from 8 days to 8 weeks) is accompanied by the death of neurons in a state of poor life support, microglial activation, myelin fiber damage, increased diameter of paravertebral arteries in the early period, and the development of astrocytosis and angiogenesis in the late period, which leads to increased lipid peroxidation, secondary damage, and neuronal death. In the late period, neurodystrophic changes appear, and minor neuronal apoptosis and increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier persist. Surviving neurons show metabolic activation and concentration of pericarions near the hemocapillaries.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Двусторонняя одномоментная перевязка общих сонных артерий у крыс является самым распространённым способом формирования длительной церебральной гипоксии со снижением когнитивных функций. Ранние сроки после операции (до 3 сут) чаще всего используются для фармакологических исследований. Для них характерны гибель нейронов, развитие гипоэнергетического состояния и отёк. В острый период (3–8-е сутки) изменения связаны с активацией астроцитов, которые формируют межклеточные кооперации между нейроном, гемокапилляром и респираторным взрывом нейтрофильных гранулоцитов. Повышается проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера. Это сопровождается гибелью одной части нейронов и улучшением жизнеобеспеченности другой. Подострый период (с 8 сут до 8 нед) сопровождается гибелью нейронов, находящихся в состоянии плохого жизнеобеспечения, активацией микроглии, повреждением миелиновых волокон, ростом диаметра паравертебральных артерий — в начале периода и развитием астроцитоза и ангиогенеза — в конце периода, что ведёт к росту перекисного окисления липидов, вторичному повреждению и гибели нейронов. В поздние сроки появляются нейродистрофические изменения, сохраняется незначительный апоптоз нейронов и повышенная проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера. У выживших нейронов наблюдается метаболическая активация и концентрация перикарионов около гемокапилляров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral hypoperfusion</kwd><kwd>periodization</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церебральная гипоперфузия</kwd><kwd>периодизация</kwd><kwd>животная модель</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine S. Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rats. Am J Pathol. 1960;36(1):1–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">levine S. Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rats // Am J Pathol. 1960. Vol. 36, N 1. Р. 1–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chrishtop V, Nikonorova V, Gutsalova A, et al. 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