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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">352500</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc352500</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current approaches to the genetic modification of mesenchymal stromal cells to increase their therapeutic efficacy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к генетической модификации мезенхимальных стромальных клеток в целях повышения их терапевтической эффективности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-5896</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8741-4433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Limareva</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лимарева</surname><given-names>Лариса Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент</p></bio><email>l.v.limareva@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-1754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6215-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribkova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>o.v.gribkova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-0272</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8018-3913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iliasov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильясов</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>p.v.ilyasov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grischuk</surname><given-names>Yaroslav К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грищук</surname><given-names>Ярослав Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>grischukyaroslav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific and Educational Professional Center of Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-образовательный профессиональный центр генетических и лабораторных технологий Самарского государственного медицинского университета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-08-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-27"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-03"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/352500">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/352500</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the extensively developing innovative approaches to the treatment of socially significant diseases is the use of cell technologies based on the transplantation and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or on the use of their secretome components. The interest in these cell therapies is driven by the low immunogenicity of MSCs, relative simplicity of the cell isolation and handling, a wide range of therapeutic effects and proven efficacy of reparative and immunosuppressive action thereof.</p> <p>By now, more than 2,000 clinical trials on the use of MSCs or their products in various pathological conditions have been completed, with more than 200 in the last five years. Both the immunosuppressive and the regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated to a great extent by their secretome which includes chemokines, growth factors, non-coding RNAs, and other active molecules. At the same time, the degree and character of MSCs’ effects depend not only on the microenvironment or body state, but also on the characteristics of MSCs themselves, including the genetic determinants governing levels of synthesis of bioactive molecules. In this review, options of genetic modification of MSCs in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy were considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из инновационных, интенсивно развивающихся в настоящее время терапевтических подходов к лечению социально-значимых заболеваний является применение клеточных технологий на основе трансплантации и ко-трансплантации мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК), а также использования компонентов их секретома. Низкая иммуногенность, относительная простота выделения и применения, широкий спектр терапевтически значимых эффектов и доказанная эффективность репаративного и иммуносупрессивного действия определяют интерес к этому направлению клеточной терапии.</p> <p>К настоящему времени выполнено более 2000, а за последние пять лет успешно завершено более 200 клинических исследований по применению МСК или их продуктов при различных патологических состояниях. Как иммуносупрессивные, так и регенеративные эффекты МСК во многом обусловлены комплексом выделяемых ими факторов, среди которых присутствуют хемокины, факторы роста, некодирующие РНК и другие активные молекулы. Вместе с тем выраженность и направленность эффектов МСК зависят не только от микроокружения клеток и состояния организма, но и от особенностей самих МСК, включая генетическую детерминированность уровней синтеза биологически активных молекул. В обзоре рассмотрены варианты генетической модификации МСК с целью повышения их терапевтической эффективности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>MSC</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>gene modification</kwd><kwd>transfection</kwd><kwd>vectors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мезенхимальные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>МСК</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>генетическая модификация</kwd><kwd>трансфекция</kwd><kwd>векторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment No. 122020100109-6 "Search for biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cells in cell therapy".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации государственного задания № 122020100109-6 «Поиски биомаркеров прогнозирования терапевтического эффекта мезенхимальных стромальных клеток в клеточной терапии»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. 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