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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">133681</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202209007</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TB skin test recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рекомбинантные белки возбудителя туберкулеза — перспектива использования для вакцины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasilnikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красильников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Djonovic</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джонович</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabolotnykh</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заболотных</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakelov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракелов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dogonadze</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Догонадзе</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>milana.djonovic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский институт вакцин и сывороток ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“The Human Stem Cells Institute” PJSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ПАО «Институт стволовых клеток человека»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Biotechnology Developments” LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Развитие Биотехнологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Peterburg Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Betuvax” LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бетувакс»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-09-25"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/133681">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/133681</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Incomplete protection of BCG vaccines, high variability of tuberculosis strains, together with the growing antibiotic resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis, actualize the need to develop new anti-tuberculosis vaccines. Several novel experimental candidate vaccines based on recombinant proteins, such as those based on the <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens, are currently being studied in clinical trials. The genome region coding for ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens is deleted in BCG strains, so the BCG-immunized individuals cannot develop an immune response against the recombinant ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigen. Therefore, a positive immune reaction to these antigens in TB tests indicates the tested individual has earlier been exposed to <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>. The ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion recombinant antigen was, thus, selected as an immunogen to be evaluated on its potential to induce protective immunity against tuberculosis in a mice model when combined with a birch bark betulin-based vaccine adjuvant. The effect of use was assessed based on the results of histological evaluation of the infected lung tissue in mice and the Mtb lung content. The results herein reported eventually demonstrated that the use of corpuscular adjuvant-based (betulin) ESAT-6/CFP-10 vaccine preparation can induce the immune response commensurate to that of when immunized with the BCG vaccine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неполная защита БЦЖ-вакцин, высокая изменчивость штаммов туберкулеза, вместе с нарастающей антибиотикорезистентностью микобактерий туберкулеза актуализируют необходимость разработки новых противотуберкулезных вакцин. На сегодняшний день клинические испытания проходят рекомбинантные вакцины, созданные на основе антигенов <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> ESAT-6 и CFP-10. В БЦЖ вакцинах нет этих антигенов, поэтому у большинства людей отсутствует иммунная реакция по типу иммунологической памяти на введение рекомбинантных ESAT-6/CFP-10. В противном случае, это будет указывать на то, что пациент перенес туберкулез, однако такие случаи являются казуистическими. Именно поэтому объединенный рекомбинантный антиген ESAT-6/CFP-10 был выбран в качестве иммуногена для оценки его способности формировать иммунитет против туберкулеза в экспериментальной модели на мышах. Сами антигены при этом использовались с адъювантом природного происхождения на основе бетулина. Эффективность использования такого иммуногена оценивали по результатам гистологического исследования легких инфицированных мышей и содержания Mtb в ткани легкого. Приведенные результаты в конечном счете продемонстрировали, что использование вакцинного препарата композиции рекомбинантного белка ESAT-6/CFP-10 с корпускулярным адъювантом (бетулин) может индуцировать иммунный ответ, соизмеримый с таковым при иммунизации БЦЖ — вакциной.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>recombinant protein</kwd><kwd>corpuscular adjuvant</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis vaccine</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рекомбинантный белок</kwd><kwd>корпускулярный адъювант</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулезная вакцина</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shenoi S., Friedland G. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a new face to an old pathogen. Annu. Rev. Med. 2009; 60: 307–20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bansal R., Sharma D., Singh R. 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