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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">133677</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202209004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">IL-10 cytokine family secretion is associated with the activity of mitophagy components in visceral adipose tissue in obese with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Секреция цитокинов семейства ИЛ-10 ассоциирована с активностью компонентов аутофагии в висцеральной жировой ткани у больных с ожирением с и без сахарного диабета 2 типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shunkina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шунькина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dakhnevich</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дахневич</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komar</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комар</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vulf</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вульф</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shunkin</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шунькин</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazatova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газатова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirienkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириенкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Todosenko</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тодосенко</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>Zh. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>Ж. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DariaSK@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-09-25"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/133677">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/133677</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autophagy is required to maintain cellular homeostasis and organ function by selectively ridding cells of potentially toxic proteins, lipids, and organelles. Impaired homeostasis of autophagic processes is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In obesity, a violation of autophagy in adipose tissue and its inflammation contributes to the formation of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p> <p>The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of autophagy genes in the adipose tissue of the greater omentum and to search for their relationship with the levels of cytokines of the IL-10 family in blood plasma in obese patients, depending on the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p> <p>Blood plasma and visceral adipose tissue samples were studied from 347 obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. A biochemical analysis of the patients' blood was carried out. The level of cytokines was detected by flow fluorometry. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, and tissue-specific protein production was determined by immunoblotting. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 software.</p> <p>Plasma levels of IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-28A, and IL-29 are increased in obese patients without type 2 diabetes compared with patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the expression of the <italic>SQSTM1_p62</italic> and <italic>MAP1LC3B</italic> genes in the greater omentum increased compared to patients without it.</p> <p>High plasma levels of IL-22 and IL-26 are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus, an increase in the level of IL-28A in blood plasma is associated with a decrease in the expression of autophagy genes <italic>SQSTM1_p62</italic> and <italic>MAP1LC3B </italic>in the adipose tissue of the greater omentum.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аутофагия необходима для поддержания клеточного гомеостаза и функционирования органов путем избирательного избавления клеток от потенциально токсичных белков, липидов и органелл. Нарушение гомеостаза аутофагических процессов связано с метаболическими нарушениями, такими как ожирение и сахарный диабет 2 типа. При ожирении нарушение аутофагии в жировой ткани и её воспаление способствует формированию сахарного диабета 2 типа.</p> <p>Цель исследования: анализ экспрессии генов аутофагии в жировой ткани большого сальника и поиск их взаимосвязи с уровнями цитокинов семейства IL-10 в плазме крови у пациентов с ожирением в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия сахарного диабета 2 типа.</p> <p>Исследованы образцы плазмы крови и висцеральной жировой ткани от 347 пациентов с ожирением с и без сахарным диабетом 2 типа: 33 условно здоровых донора (11 мужчин и 22 женщины, индекс массы тела 22,5 ± 2,5 кг/м<sup>2</sup>, средний возраст 39 ± 8 лет), 118 пациентов с ожирением без сахарного диабета 2 типа (30 мужчин и 88 женщин, индекс массы тела 41,8 ± 7,0 кг/м<sup>2</sup>, средний возраст 42 ± 10) и 196 пациентов с ожирением и сахарным диабетом 2 типа (41 мужчин и 155 женщин, индекс массы тела 45,1 ± 8,7 кг/м<sup>2</sup>, средний возраст 45 ± 9 лет). Проведен биохимический анализ крови пациентов. Уровень цитокинов детектировали методом проточной флуориметрии. Экспрессию генов определяли методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени, тканеспецифическую продукцию белков — методом иммуноблоттинга. Статистическая обработка результатов выполнена с использованием программы GraphPad Prism 9.0.0.</p> <p>Уровни IL-10, IL-20 IL-22, IL-28А и IL-29 в плазме крови были повышены у больных с ожирением без сахарного диабета 2 типа по сравнению с больными с ожирением и сахарным диабетом 2 типа. У больных с ожирением и сахарным диабетом 2 типа уровень экспрессии генов <italic>SQSTM1_p62 </italic>и <italic>MAP1LC3B</italic> в жировой ткани большого сальника был повышен по сравнению с пациентами с ожирением, но без сахарного диабета 2 типа.</p> <p>Высокие уровни IL-22 и IL-26 в плазме крови связаны с наличием сахарного диабета 2 типа. У больных без сахарного диабета 2 типа рост уровня IL-28А в плазме крови ассоциирован со снижением экспрессии генов аутофагии <italic>SQSTM1_p62 </italic>и <italic>MAP1LC3B</italic> в жировой ткани большого сальника.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>visceral adipose tissue</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>IL-28A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>висцеральная жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>IL-28A</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-75-00079) and the Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation (project no. MK-925.2022.1.4) (payment of publication costs).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-75-00079) и советом по грантам Президента РФ (проект № МК-925.2022.1.4) (оплата расходов, связанных с опубликованием).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>CDC. Causes and Consequences of Childhood Obesity [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 [cited 2022 Apr 17], https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/causes.html.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y., Sowers J.R., Ren J. Targeting autophagy in obesity: from pathophysiology to management. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2018; 14(6): 356–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Tong L., Wang L., Yao S. et al. PPARδ attenuates hepatic steatosis through autophagy-mediated fatty acid oxidation. 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