Genes & CellsGenes & Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12250310.23868/gc122503Research ArticleCXCR4 expression and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells mobilization efficacyKurtovaA. V.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comEstrinaM. A.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comAlexeevS. M.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comTrofimovaS. A.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comTupitzinaO. A.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comKarpovV. G.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comZdorovA. E.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comAfanasievB. V.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comZuevaYe. E.antonina.kurtova@gmail.comLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Labortory Diagnostics, Pavlov State Medical UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, Pavlov State Medical UniversityGeneral Hospital №31V.A. Baranov Republic Hospital150920072351561601202316012023Copyright © 2007, Eco-Vector2007<p>CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor which is essential for targeted migration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). CXCR4 is known to be an indirect target for G-CSF stimulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level ofCXCR4 expression on the surface of HSC, collected from apheresis products of patients with different responses to G- CSF-stimulation. Cord blood, normal bone marrow and primed bone marrow samples were analyzed to be compared with apheresis product. It was demonstrated that mean fluorescence intensity of CXCR4 indicating the density of CXCR4 expression on HSC surface is diminished after G-CSF stimulation towards normal bone marrow ? primed bone marrow ? apheresis product from mobilizable patients and demonstrates negative correlation with mobilization efficacy. CXCR4 expression on the surface of HSC from non-mobilizable patients does not differ from other native sources, such as normal bone marrow and cord blood, that points out the intrinsic unresponsiveness to G- CSF treatment or other kinetics of mobilization in poor-mobilizable patients.</p>CXCR4CD34+ hematopoietic stem cellsmobilizationCXCR4гемопоэтические стволовые клеткимобилизация[Copelan E.A. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354: 1813-26.][Urbano-Ispizua A. Risk assessment in hematopoietic stem cells transplantation: stem cell source. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 2007; 20(2): 265-80.][Schoemans H., Theunissen K., Maertens J. et al. Adult umbilical cord blood transplantation: a comprehensive review. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2006; 38: 83-93.][Ostronoff M., Ostronoff F., Souto Maior P. et al. Pilot study of allogeneic G-CSF-stimulated bone marrow transplantation: harvest, engraftment and graft versus host disease. Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl. 2006; 12: 729-33.][Koenigsmann M., Jenths-Ullrich K., Mohren M. et al. The role of diagnosis in patients failing peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization. Transfusion 2004; 44: 777-84.][Winkler I., Levesque J.-P. Mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization: when innate immunity assails the cells that make blood and bone. Exp. Hematol. 2006; 34: 996-1009.][Levesque J.-P., Hendy J., Takamatsu Y. et al. Mobilization by either cyclophosphamide or colony-stimulating factor transforms the bone marrow into highly proteolytic environment. Exp. Hematol. 2002; 30: 440-9.][Sutherland D.R., Anderson L., Keeney M. et al. The ISHAGE guidelines for CD34+ cell determination by flow cytometry. J. Hematother. 1996; 5: 213-26.][Stiff P.J. Management strategies for hard-to-mobilize patient. Bone Marrow Transpl. 1999; 23[sup.2): S29-S33.][Bradley B., Cairo M. Cord blood immunology and stem cell transplantation. Human Immunol. 2005; 66: 431-46.][Wilson A., Trumpp A. Bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell niches. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2006; 6: 93-106.][Oelschlaegel U., Bornhauser M., Boxberger S. et al. Kinetics of CXCR4 and adhesion molecule expression during autologous stem cell mobilization with G-CSF and AMD3100 in patients with multiple myeloma. Ann. Hematol. 2007. In press.][Dlubek D., Drabszak-Skrzypek D., Lang A. Low CXCR4 membrane expression on CD34+ cells characterizes cells mobilized to blood. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2006; 37: 19-23.][Ikeda K., Kozuka T., Harada M. Factors for PBPC collection efficiency and collection predictors. Transfusion Apheresis Sci. 2004; 31: 245-59.][Dabusti M., Lanza F., Campioni D. et al. CXCR4 expression on bone marrow CD34+ cells prior to mobilization can predict mobilization adequacy in patients with hematological malignancy. J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. 2003; 12(4): 425-34.][Seggewiss R., Buss E.C., Herrmann D. et al. Kinetics of peripheral blood stem cells mobilization following G-CSF-supported chemotherapy. Stem Cells 2003;21(5):568-74.]