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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121980</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202104007</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diversity of haplogroup R1a-Z2122 in subpopulations of balkars and karachays according to microsatellite diversity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разнообразие гаплогруппы R1a-Z2122 в субпопуляциях балкарцев и карачаевцев по данным микросателлитного разнообразия</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhaubermezov</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джаубермезов</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekomasova</surname><given-names>N. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екомасова</surname><given-names>Н. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>S. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>С. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokareva</surname><given-names>E. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарева</surname><given-names>Е. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabidullina</surname><given-names>L. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габидуллина</surname><given-names>Л. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>R. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Р. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurgalieva</surname><given-names>A. Kh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нургалиева</surname><given-names>А. Х</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>E. K</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Э. К</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики - обособленное структурное подразделение «Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра РАН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO1 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №1 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121980">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121980</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Being one of the most mountainous Turkic peoples in the world, the genetic background of the Karachais and Balkars remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the haplogroup R1a-Z2122 of the Y-chromosome in the population of Karachais and in the sub-ethnic groups of Balkars. The material for the study was DNA samples from Karachais (n = 126) and Balkars (n = 235). The analysis of the genetic diversity of the population of Karachais and subpopulations of Balkars living in the central part of the North Caucasus region was carried out according to the data on the distribution of Y-SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) hap-logroups and Y-STR (Short tandem repeats) haplotypes. According to the results of genotyping of the R1a-Z2122 haplogroup in the Balkar subpopulations, the R1a-Z2122 haplogroup was detected with a frequency of 3.4%, and in the Karachai population - 2.4%. In the course of studying the distribution of this haplogroup in sub-ethnic groups of Balkars, its high content in the group of Chegemians was shown, where it is 6.8% of the diversity of haplogroups of the Y-chromosome. In the group of Baksans, the frequency of this haplogroup decreases to 4.8%, among Bezengievs it is found in 2.6% of the population, and among Malkars in 1.7%, while this haplogroup was not found in the Kholam population. For the analysis of STR-haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, we selected 11 samples belonging to the haplogroup R1a-Z2122. As a result of the construction of the median network and the circular dendrogram, significant variability was shown within the studied sample. The data obtained by us as a result of the research can be used in the development of courses for students of biological, historical and medical specialties. The created unique collection of DNA samples from Balkars and Karachais can subsequently be used for population, evolutionary, and medico-genetic studies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Карачаевцы и балкарцы являются одними из самых высокогорных тюркских народов в мире, а их генетическая предыстория остаётся мало изученной. Целью работы является всестороннее изучение гаплогруппы R1a-Z2122 Y-хромосомы в популяции карачаевцев и в субэтнических группах балкарцев. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы ДНК карачаевцев (n=126) и балкарцев (n=235). Проведён анализ генетического разнообразия популяции карачаевцев и субпопуляций балкарцев, проживающих в центральной части Северо-Кавказского региона по данным о распределении гаплогрупп Y-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism, однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы Y-хромосомы) и гаплотипов Y-STR (short tandem repeats, микросателлитные локусы Y-хромосомы). По результатам генотипирования гаплогруппы R1a-Z2122 в субпопуляциях балкарцев, гаплогруппа R1a-Z2122 выявлена с частотой 3,4%, а в популяции карачаевцев - 2,4%. В ходе изучения распространения данной гаплогруппы в субэтнических группах балкарцев показано ее высокое содержание в группе чегемцев, где она составляет 6,8% от разнообразия гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы. В группе баксанцев частота данной гаплогруппы снижается до 4,8%, среди безенгиевцев встречается у 2,6% населения, а среди малкарцев у 1,7%, в то время как в популяции холамцев данная гаплогруппа не обнаружена. Для анализа STR-гаплотипов Y-хромосомы было отобрано 11 образцов, относящихся к гаплогруппе R1a-Z2122. При построении медианной сети и круговой дендрограммы была показана существенная вариабельность внутри изученной выборки. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при разработке курсов для студентов биологических, исторических и медицинских специальностей. Созданную уникальную коллекцию ДНК образцов балкарцев и карачаевцев в последующем можно применять для проведения популяционных, эволюционных и медико-генетических исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Y-STR</kwd><kwd>R1a-Z2122</kwd><kwd>Balkars</kwd><kwd>Karachays</kwd><kwd>Y-chromosome</kwd><kwd>Y-STR</kwd><kwd>R1a-Z2122</kwd><kwd>the median network</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>балкарцы</kwd><kwd>карачаевцы</kwd><kwd>Y-хромосома</kwd><kwd>медианная сеть</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Федеральная служба государственной статистики, http://www.gks.ru</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bulayeva K., Jorde L., Ostler C. et. al. Genetics and population history of Caucasus populations. Hum. Biol. 2003; 75(6): 837-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Roostalu U., Kutuev I., Loogvali E.-L. et. al. 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