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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121970</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202104005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Nuclear-nucleolar relationships and nucleolar stress in hepatocytes in hyperhomocysteinemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ядерно-ядрышковые взаимоотношения и нуклеолярный стресс в гепатоцитах при гипергомоцистеинемии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchkova</surname><given-names>N. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pazinenko</surname><given-names>K. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пазиненко</surname><given-names>К. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>M. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>М. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormilina</surname><given-names>N. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормилина</surname><given-names>Н. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk state medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO1 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №1 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121970">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121970</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hyperhomocysteinemia causes stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, which suggests the formation of nucleolar stress. The purpose of this work is to clarify the relationship between structural changes in the nucleus and the region of the nucleolar organizer in hyperhomocysteinemia to prove nucleolar stress in hyperhomo-cysteinemia, which can serve as an additional diagnostic marker of the disease. The object of the study was white mongrel rats with methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Histologic sections of the liver were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (to assess the histological structure of the organ, hepatocyte nuclei), ammonia silver (to analyze the areas of the nucleolar organizer - AgNORs). Morphometry has allowed to establish that hyperhomocysteinemia decreases the number of nuclei (1,86 times, p&lt;0,05) and the total area occupied by nuclear material (1,69 times, p&lt;0,05); decreases AgNORs (1,71 times, p&lt;0,05) and the total area of the nucleolar organizer (2,31 times, p&lt;0,05). In the hepatocytes of experimental animals, a class of nuclei with one nucleolus appears, but nuclei with 7 or more nucleoluses disappear, nucleolus of the inactive phenotype decreases (5,45 times, p&lt;0,05), active (compact) AgNORs increases (2,15 times, p&lt;0,05). The total number of argyrophilic granules, which characterize the number of RNA polymerases functioning in the cell, is also reduced, mainly due to silver granules localized extranuclearly. The detected changes in the AgNORs region can be characterized as nucleolar stress, the formation of which is caused by an increase in homocysteine levels and liver cell dysfunction. Thus, methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia leads to disorganization of nuclear-nucleolar relationships, is accompanied by nucleolar stress, and disrupts the nuclear stage of protein biosynthesis, which can exacerbate the existing pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гипергомоцистеинемия вызывает стресс эндоплазматического ретикулума, что предполагает формирование нуклеолярного стресса. Цель работы - выявление структурных изменений ядра и области ядрышкового организатора для доказательства нуклеолярного стресса при гипергомоцистеинемии, что может служить дополнительным диагностическим маркером заболевания. Объектом исследования были белые беспородные крысы с метионин-индуцированной гипергомоцистеинемией. Срезы печени окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, а для анализа областей ядрышкового организатора импрегнировали азотнокислым серебром (Argyrophylic Nucleolar organiser regions, AgNORs). В результате морфометрии было установлено, что при гипергомоцистеинемии количество ядер снижается (в 1,86 раз, р&lt;0,05) как и общая площадь, занимаемая ядерным материалом (в 1,69 раз, р&lt;0,05); снижается количество AgNORs (в 1,71 раза, р&lt;0,05) и совокупная площадь, приходящаяся на область ядрышкового организатора (в 2,31 раз, р&lt;0,05). В гепатоцитах экспериментальных животных появлялся класс одноядрышковых ядер, отсутствующий в контроле, но исчезали полинуклеолярные ядра (с 7 и более ядрышками), снижалось количество нуклеол неактивного фенотипа (микроядрышек, в 5,45 раз, р&lt;0,05), увеличивалось (в 2,15 раз, р&lt;0,05) число активных (компактных) AgNORs. Общее количество аргирофильных гранул, характеризующих количество функционирующих в клетке РНК-полимераз, также снижалось, главным образом за счет экстрануклеолярно расположенных гранул. Обнаруженные нами изменения области AgNORs можно охарактеризовать как нуклеолярный стресс, формирование которого обусловлено повышением уровня гомоцистеина и дисфункцией клеток печени. Таким образом, гипергомоцистеинемия приводит к дезорганизации ядерно-ядрышковых взаимоотношений, сопровождается нуклеолярным стрессом и нарушает ядерный этап биосинтеза белка, что усугубляет уже имеющуюся патологию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nucleus</kwd><kwd>nucleolus</kwd><kwd>hepatocytes</kwd><kwd>hyperhomocysteinemia</kwd><kwd>nucleolar stress</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ядро</kwd><kwd>ядрышко</kwd><kwd>гепатоциты</kwd><kwd>гипергомоцистеинемия</kwd><kwd>нуклеолярный стресс</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Skovierova H., Vidomanova E., Mahmood S. et al. The Molecular and Cellular Effect of Homocysteine Metabolism Imbalance on Human Health. Int. J. Mol. 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