Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12196410.23868/202011004ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleInteraction of graphene oxide nanoparticles with cells of the immune systemВзаимодействие наночастиц оксида графена с клетками иммунной системыKhramtsovP. VХрамцовП. ВRayevM. BРаевМ. БTimganovaV. PТимгановаВ. ПBochkovaM. SБочковаМ. СZamorinaS. AЗаморинаС. АInstitute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, UB of the RAS - Branch of the Perm State Research Cente, UB of the RASИнститут экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН - филиал Пермского федерального исследовательского центра УрО РАН15092020153VOL 15, NO3 (2020)ТОМ 15, №3 (2020)293816012023Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2020, Эко-Вектор2020Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121964

Graphene-based preparations are the most promising materials in biomedicine. This review is aimed at analyzing data on the interaction of graphene oxide nanoparticles with different types of cells of the immune system: neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T- and B-lymphocytes, NK and iNKT cells. Scopus publications from 2011 to May 2020 were analyzed. The primary vector of the graphene oxide nanoparticles' effects is associated with cell activation and the formation of a proinflamma-tory profile of the immune response. At the same time, the functionalization of the graphene oxide surface with the biocompatible polymers leads to a decrease in its cytotoxicity, and in some cases, to suppression of cell activation. The interaction of graphene oxide nanoparticles with cells depends on numerous factors, such as direct and lateral sizes, oxidation state, functionalization, number of layers, 3D configuration, as well as the microbiological purity and pyrogenicity of graphene. Together, these characteristics determine whether graphene oxide nanoparticles must stimulate or suppress the immune system. These multidirectional possibilities of graphene oxide can be useful in the development of adjuvants, new drug delivery mechanisms, and modern biosensors.

Препараты на основе графена являются одними из перспективных материалов в биомедицине. Целью обзора являлся анализ данных о взаимодействии наночастиц оксида графена с разными типами клеток иммунной системы: нейтрофилами, моноцитами, макрофагами, дендритными клетками, Т- и B-лимфоцитами, NK- и iNKT-клетками. Поиск информации осуществляли в базе данных Scopus за период с 2011 по май 2020 гг. основной вектор эффектов наночастиц оксида графена связан с активацией клеток и формированием провоспалительного типа иммунных реакций. В то же время, функционализация поверхности оксида графена при помощи биосовместимых полимеров ведет к снижению цитотоксичности, а в ряде случаев и к подавлению активации клеток. Взаимодействие наночастиц оксида графена с клеточными мембранами зависит от многочисленных факторов, таких как прямые и боковые размеры, степень окисления, функционализация, количество слоев, 3D-конфигурация, а также микробиологическая чистота и пирогенность графена. В совокупности, эти характеристики определяют, будут ли наночастицы оксида графена стимулировать или подавлять иммунные реакции. очевидно, что эти разнонаправленные возможности наночастиц оксида графена могут быть полезны при разработке адъювантов, новых механизмов доставки лекарств и современных биосенсоров.

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