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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202110005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cryopreservation of gametes: history and current state of a question</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Криоконсервация половых клеток: история и современное состояние вопроса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsova</surname><given-names>I. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцова</surname><given-names>И. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusakova</surname><given-names>S. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русакова</surname><given-names>С. Э</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshkova</surname><given-names>Y. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошкова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military medical academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO3 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №3 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121963">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Development of reproductive medicine, namely, extracorporal fertilization, set the task of preservation and preserving of biological suitability of female and men's gametes for scientific community. Opening of a method of a vitrification showed its benefit before other methods of a cryopreservation and became the encouraging event in development of cryobank of gametes. In this work the history of emergence of a method of a cryopreservation is described; modern aspects of a cryopreservation of gametes; shortcomings and benefits of various techniques of selection of full-fledged gametes are reflected; some protocols of carrying out a cryo-preservation are provided; short characteristic of separately used cryoprotectors and their various combinations capable more effectively to protect the freezing objects from damage, than, each of cryoprotectors separately is given. It is noted that in modern literature special attention is paid to consideration of mechanisms of cryodamages and cryoprotection during the freezing and a vitrification. Characteristics of the changes happening in gametes after the procedure of freezing and thawing are discussed. Modern techniques of assessment of viability of gametes before and after a cryopreservation are given. It is shown that violation of compaction of chromatin and fragmentation of DNA in morphologically not changed spermiya has negative impact and on quality of embryos. The benefit of a structurally functional condition of oocytes of mammals at a cryopreservation of oocytes in structure is emphasized an oocyte-kumulyusnykh of complexes in comparison with the oocytes which ripened in the kultivatsionny environment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развитие репродуктивной медицины, а именно, экстракорпорального оплодотворения, поставило перед научным сообществом задачу консервации и сохранения биологической пригодности женских и мужских половых клеток. создание метода витрификации показало его преимущество перед другими способами криоконсервации и стало обнадеживающим событием в развитии криобанков половых клеток. В обзоре отражена история возникновения метода криоконсервации; современные аспекты криоконсервации гамет; отмечены недостатки и преимущества различных методик отбора полноценных гамет; приведены некоторые протоколы проведения криоконсервации; дана краткая характеристика отдельно используемых криопротекторов и их различных комбинаций, способных более эффективно предохранять замораживаемые объекты от повреждения. отмечено, что в настоящее время особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению механизмов криоповреждения и криозащиты при замораживании и витрификации. Представлена морфологическая характеристика изменений, происходящих в половых клетках после процедуры замораживания и оттаивания. Приведены современные методики оценки жизнеспособности половых клеток до криоконсервации и после нее. Показано, что нарушение компактизации хроматина и фрагментация ДНК в морфологически не измененных спермиях оказывает негативное влияние и на качество эмбрионов, и на результаты ЭКо. Подчеркнуто преимущество структурно-функционального состояния ооцитов млекопитающих при криоконсервации в составе ооцит-кумулюсных комплексов по сравнению с ооцитами, созревшими в культивационной среде без фолликулярного эпителия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd><kwd>vitrification</kwd><kwd>cryoprotectors</kwd><kwd>viability of gametes</kwd><kwd>extracorporal fertilization</kwd><kwd>spermatozoon</kwd><kwd>female gamete</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криоконсервация</kwd><kwd>витрификация</kwd><kwd>криопротекторы</kwd><kwd>жизнеспособность гамет</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральное оплодотворение</kwd><kwd>сперматозоид</kwd><kwd>женская половая клетка</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Полякова М.В. Криоконсервация сперматогониальных стволовых клеток: возможности клинического применения для сохранения фертильности у пациентов предпубертатного возраста. 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