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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/202110004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biogenesis and secretory pathways of mast cell chymase: structural and functional aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биогенез и секреторные пути химазы тучных клеток: структурно-функциональные аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atiakshin</surname><given-names>D. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атякшин</surname><given-names>Д. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkova</surname><given-names>S. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочкова</surname><given-names>С. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>V. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>В. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>N. T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Т</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostin</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костин</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific and educational resource center “Innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis”, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-образовательный ресурсный Центр «Инновационные технологии иммунофенотипирования, цифрового пространственного профилирования и ультраструктурного анализа» Российского университета дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples 'Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной биологии и медицины Воронежского государственного медицинского университета им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO3 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №3 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121959">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121959</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chymase is a specific protease of mast cells (MC) with variable expression and is one of the preformed components of the secre-tome. Chymase biogenesis begins with the processes of transcription in the nucleus, continuing in the cytoplasm of MC on ribosomes and in the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum. Entering the Golgi complex, molecules of the prochymase undergo post-translational modifications, this continuing in the vesicles detached from trans Golgi network. During further processing under granules maturation, chymase becomes an active enzyme and undergoes in-tragranular accumulation with typical topographic regularities, determining the features of the cytological and ultrastructural phenotype of MC. Various secretory mechanisms of chymase excretion into the extracellular matrix result in the development of diverse biological effects due to high selectivity of the protease to the molecular targets of cellular and extracellular components of the specific tissue microenvironment. Since chymase is an important enzyme in the formation of the state of the integrative-buffer metabolic environment of connective tissue, it is advisable to consider it as a diagnostic marker and a probable pharmacological target in the treatment of a number of pathological conditions. The involvement of chymase in the mechanisms of inflammation and allergy, angiogenesis and oncogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and changes in the histoarchitectonics of organs is also known. The technology of immunohistochemical staining using chro-mogenic or fluorescence detection allows objectively determining the number of chymase-positive MCs in the intraorgan population, the mechanisms of biogenesis and processing, cyto- and histoto-pographic characteristics with visualization of secretory pathways. Thus, the morphological identification of chymase significantly expands the interpretation of the data obtained in the study of adaptive and pathological states of internal organs, claiming not only diagnostic value, but also an assessment of the therapy performed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Химаза - специфическая протеаза тучных клеток, входящая в число преформированных компонентов секретома. Биогенез химазы начинается с процессов транскрипции в ядре, продолжаясь в цитоплазме тучных клеток на рибосомах и в цистернах эндоплазматической сети. Поступая в комплекс Гольджи, молекулы прохимазы подвергаются посттрансляционным модификациям, которые продолжаются в отшнуровывающихся от его транс-отдела везикулах. В ходе дальнейшего процессинга при созревании гранул химаза становится активным ферментом и подвергается интрагранулярной аккумуляции с характерными топографическими закономерностями, определяя особенности цитологического и ультраструктурного фенотипа тучных клеток. различные секреторные механизмы выведения химазы во внеклеточный матрикс приводят к появлению разнообразных биологических эффектов, обусловленных высокой селективностью протеазы к молекулярным мишеням клеточного и экстрацеллюлярного компонентов специфического тканевого микроокружения. Поскольку химаза является важным ферментом в формировании состояния интегративно-буферной метаболической среды соединительной ткани, ее целесообразно рассматривать в качестве диагностического маркера и вероятной фармакологической мишени при терапии ряда патологических состояний. Известна вовлеченность химазы в механизмы развития воспаления и аллергии, ангиогенеза и онкогенеза, ремоделирования внеклеточного матрикса соединительной ткани и изменения гистоархитектоники органов. технология иммуногистохимического окрашивания с помощью хромогенной или флуоресцентной детекции позволяет объективно определять количество химаза-позитивных тучных клеток во внутриорганной популяции, механизмы биогенеза и процессинга, цито- и гистотопографические характеристики с визуализацией секреторных путей и, следовательно, расширяет интерпретацию полученных данных при изучении адаптивных и патологических состояний внутренних органов, важных не только для диагностики, но и для оценки проводимой терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>chymase</kwd><kwd>granules</kwd><kwd>secretory pathways</kwd><kwd>specific tissue microenvironment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>химаза</kwd><kwd>гранулы</kwd><kwd>секреторные пути</kwd><kwd>специфическое тканевое микроокружение</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бухвалов И.Б., Бекер В., Маркус Т. 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