Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12195410.23868/202110003ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleNext-generation immunotherapy: regulatory T-cellsИммунотерапия нового поколения: регуляторные Т-клеткиChurovA. VЧуровА. Вachurou@yandex.ruNovitskayaA. VНовицкаяА. ВZhulaiG. AЖулайГ. АKarelian Research Center of the RASКарельский научный центр Российской академии наукCenter for Biomedical Research, KarRC RASЦентр медико-биологических исследований КарНЦ РАН15092021163VOL 16, NO3 (2021)ТОМ 16, №3 (2021)163216012023Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор2021Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121954

Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) control the activity of immune cells and suppress the development of inflammation, maintaining the immune balance necessary for the body. Dysfunctions of Tregs are associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and oncological diseases. With systemic and organ-specific autoimmune reactions, as well as organ transplantation, a decrease in the function of Tregs is observed. While in the course of oncogenesis, the activity of Tregs prevents the development of an adequate immune response to tumor antigens, promotes the processes of angiogenesis and uncontrolled growth of transformed cells. Taking into account the important function of Tregs in the control of autoimmunity and oncogenesis, approaches to immunotherapy of inflammatory pathologies based on autologous and donor Tregs, as well as methods of activating an antitumor immune response as a result of selective blockade of the functional activity of Tregs, are being actively developed. The review provides an overview of technologies for modulating the activity of Tregs for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity and adverse reactions after transplantation.

Регуляторные T-лимфоциты контролируют активность клеток иммунной системы и подавляют развитие воспаления, поддерживая необходимый для организма баланс. Нарушения функций Treg связаны с патогенезом аутоиммунных и онкологических заболеваний. При системных и органоспецифических аутоиммунных заболеваниях, а также трансплантации органов наблюдается снижение функции Treg. тогда как в ходе опухолевого роста активность Treg повышена, что препятствует развитию адекватного иммунного ответа на антигены опухолей, способствует процессам ангиогенеза и неконтролируемого роста трансформированных клеток. с учетом важной функции Treg в контроле аутоиммунитета и онкогенеза, сегодня активно развиваются подходы к иммунотерапии иммуновоспалительных патологий на основе собственных и донорских Treg, а также методы активации противоопухолевого иммунного ответа в результате селективной блокады функциональной активности Treg. В статье приведен обзор технологий для модуляции активности Treg в целях терапии рака, аутоиммунных заболеваний и нежелательных реакций после трансплантации.

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