Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12190010.23868/202107003ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleContribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesisРоль мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток в микроокружении опухоли и канцерогенезеTazetdinovaL. GТазетдиноваЛ. ГMullagulovaA. IМуллагуловаА. ИSolovyevaV. VСоловьеваВ. ВChulpanovaD. SЧулпановаД. СKitaevaK. VКитаеваК. ВRizvanovA. AРизвановА. Аrizvanov@gmail.comKazan Federal UniversityКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет15062021162VOL 16, NO2 (2021)ТОМ 16, №2 (2021)313816012023Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор2021Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121900

Carcinogenesis is a complex and dynamic process, an important part of which is the formation of the tumor microenvironment, which is an integral part of malignant tumors and plays an important role in their progression. To maintain the growth and development of a tumor, constant contact and cross exchange of various trophic factors and cytokines with the cell of microenvironment, such as endothelial, immune, stromal cells, are essential. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, but their role in carcinogenesis is highly controversial. It has been described that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are able to stimulate tumor growth by differentiation into tumor-associated fibroblasts, immunosuppression, stimulation of angiogen-esis, participation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inhibition of apoptosis, and maintenance of the metastatic potential of the tumor. However, other studies show that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells suppress tumor growth by increasing inflammatory infiltration, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing WNT and AKT signals, and by directly inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. This review discusses the role of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in carcinogenesis, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the pro- and antitumor effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.

Канцерогенез является сложным и динамичным процессом, немаловажным этапом которого является формирование микроокружения опухоли, играющего важную роль в прогрессии онкологического заболевания. Для поддержания роста и развития опухоли необходим постоянный контакт и перекрестный обмен различными трофическими факторами и цитокинами с клетками микроокружения, такими как эндотелиальные, иммунные, стромальные клетки и др. Неотъемлемыми компонентами микроокружения опухоли являются мультипотентные мезенхимальные стромальные клетки (ММСК), однако их роль в канцерогенезе весьма противоречива. Известно, что ММСК способны стимулировать рост опухоли путем дифференцировки в опухоль-ассоциированные фибробласты, иммуносупрессии, индукции ангиогенеза, участия в т. н. эпителио-мезенхимном переходе, ингибирования апоптоза и поддержания метастатического потенциала опухоли. Однако другие исследования показывают, что ММСК подавляют рост опухолей за счет увеличения воспалительной инфильтрации, ингибирования ангиогенеза и сигнальных путей WNT и AKT, а также за счет прямой индукции апоптоза опухолевых клеток. В настоящем обзоре обсуждается роль ММСК в канцерогенезе, а также механизмы, обуславливающие их про- и противоопухолевые эффекты.

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