Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12189310.23868/202107018ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleThe role of artificial matrix components used for regenerative medicine in combating periprothetic infectionРоль компонентов искусственных матриксов, применяемых для регенеративной медицины, в борьбе с перипротезной инфекциейYurovaK. AЮроваК. АKhaziakhmatovaO. GХазиахматоваО. ГMalashchenkoV. VМалащенкоВ. ВShunkinE. OШунькинЕ. ОMelashchenkoE. SМелащенкоЕ. СNorkinI. KНоркинИ. КIvanovP. AИвановП. АKrivosheevV. VКривошеевВ. ВKhlusovI. AХлусовИ. Аlarisalitvinova@yandex.ruLitvinovaL. SЛитвиноваЛ. СImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityБалтийский федеральный университет им. И. КантаSiberian State Medical UniversityСибирский государственный медицинский университетNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityТомский политехнический университет15062021162VOL 16, NO2 (2021)ТОМ 16, №2 (2021)102216012023Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор2021Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121893

Currently, there is an increasing demand for biocompatible materials that can be used for bone reconstruction. However, there is still no consensus regarding adequate bone replacement material. The materials traditionally used for reconstructive surgeries, and methods of making bone-replacing implants from them have various disadvantages. They do not fully satisfy the biological and biomechanical characteristics of living tissues. This leads to a clinical situation called "implant failure” and consists of a violation of its integrity, loosening, attachment of infectious agents, and inflammation development. There are severe socio-economic losses for the patient himself and the state. The problem of infectious complications after surgical operations with the use of bone replacement implants is quite acute. Periprosthetic infection is a modern professional challenge for surgeons and bioengineers. However, antibiotic therapy, which is the only treatment of choice for periprosthetic infection, is characterized by various side effects and becomes ineffective due to microbes' antibiotic resistance. In this regard, for the fight against periprosthetic infection, metal ions with antimicrobial potential (copper, zinc) are considered promising, which are not destroyed during sterilization of medical devices and have their own biological (regulatory) activity. The presented data indicate researchers' interest in studying the interaction of immunocompetent and mesenchymal stem cells with biomedical materials with antimicrobial potential.

В настоящее время возрастает спрос на биосовместимые материалы, которые можно использовать для реконструкции костной ткани. Однако до сих пор нет единого мнения относительно максимально адекватного остеозамещающего материала. Традиционно применяемые для реконструктивных операций материалы и методики изготовления из них остеозамещающих имплантатов имеют различные недостатки и не удовлетворяют полностью биологическим и биомеханическим характеристикам живого организма; это приводит к нарушению целостности имплантата, его расшатыванию, присоединению инфекционных агентов и развитию воспаления. Возникает риск серьёзного социально-экономического ущерба, как для самого пациента, так и для государства. Проблема инфекционных осложнений после хирургических операций с использованием остеозамещающих имплантатов стоит достаточно остро. Перипротезную инфекцию следует рассматривать как современный профессиональный вызов для хирургов и специалистов, работающих в области разработки материалов биомедицинского назначения. Антибиотикотерапия, являющаяся безальтернативным средством выбора при перипротезной инфекции, имеет различные побочные эффекты и становится неэффективной вследствие антибиотикорезистентности микробов. В связи с этим, для борьбы с перипротезной инфекцией может стать перспективным использование ионов металлов с антимикробным потенциалом (медь, цинк и др.), которые не разрушаются при стерилизации медицинских изделий и обладают собственной биологической (регуляторной) активностью. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о важности изучения взаимодействия иммунокомпетентных и мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток с материалами биомедицинского назначения, обладающими антимикробным потенциалом.

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