Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12165210.23868/gc121652ArticlesСтатьиClinical importance of maternal microchimerism in childrenКлиническое значениематеринского микрохимеризма у детейRumyantsevA GРумянцевА Г

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social Development

ФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, Москва

KurtserM AКурцерМ А

Russian State N.I.Pirogov Medical University

ГОУ ВПО Российский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова, Москва

MareevaYu BМарееваЮ Б

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social Development

ФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, Москва

MisyurinA VМисюринА В

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social Development

ФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, Москва

RumyantsevS AРумянцевС А

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social Development

ФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, Москва

UstyugovA YuУстюговА Ю

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social Development

ФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, Москва

Federal State Research Center of Children Hematology, Oncology and Immunologyof the RF Ministry of Health and Social DevelopmentФГУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологииМинздравсоцразвития РФ, МоскваRussian State N.I.Pirogov Medical UniversityГОУ ВПО Российский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова, Москва1506201162NO2 (2011)№2 (2011)101411012023Copyright ©; 2011, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2011, Эко-Вектор2011Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121652

Bilateral exchange with blood cells and cell-free substances between a mother and a fetus and visa verse routinely occurs during normal pregnancy. A term of microchimerism (MC) implies a few number of cells (or DNA) detected in a child and/ or a mother which primarily originated in a genetically different individual. Whereas MC might result from iatrogenic exposure on an organism such as transplantation or transfusion, the main source of MC is a naturally acquired condition as a result of transplacental interactions between a mother and a fetus during pregnancy. The present interest to MC can be explained by many reasons. During pregnancy fetal cells can be found in a mothers blood in prenatal diagnostics. Moreover, investigation of fetal MC might elucidate some complications due to pregnancy such as preeclampsia, or give a new insight into pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, whose clinical manifestation subsides during pregnancy. Furthermore, it is known at present that MC retains for a long time after a child delivery where it occurs both with fetal MC acquired by the woman during pregnancy and with maternal MC in her descendants. Investigations of long-term effects of fetal and maternal MC is a novel, active research, its results indicate both favourable and unfavourable long-term effects of MC. The present article is a review of available data on maternal or, to be more precise, maternal-fetal microchimerism and described or experimentally proposed its consequences.

Двухсторонний трансплацентарный обмен клетками крови и бесклеточными субстанциями от матери к плоду и наоборот рутинно происходит во время нормально про- текающей беременности. Понятие микрохимеризма (МХ) подразумевает под собой небольшое число клеток (или ДНК), обнаруживаемых у ребенка и (или) матери, которые изначально возникли в другом генетически отличном инди- видууме. В то время, как МХ может быть результатом ятро- генных воздействий на организм, таких как трансплантация или трансфузия, основным источником МХ является есте- ственно приобретенное состояние, в результате транспла- центарных взаимодействий во время беременности между матерью и плодом. Существующий интерес к МХ объясня- ется многими причинами. Во время беременности в целях пренатальной диагностики фетальные клетки могут быть найдены в крови матери. Более того, изучение феталь- ного МХ может пролить свет на некоторые осложнения, связанные с беременностью, таких как преэклампсия, дать понимание патогенеза таких аутоиммунных заболеваний, как ревматоидный артрит, клинические проявления кото- рого обычно исчезают во время беременности. Кроме того, сейчас известно, что МХ сохраняется еще долгое время после родов, причем это происходит как с фетальным МХ, приобретенным женщиной во время беременности, так и с материнским МХ в ее потомстве. Исследования отдален- ных последствий фетального и материнского МХ являются новым, активно изучаемым направлением, результаты ко- торого указывают как на благоприятные, так и на неблаго- приятные отдаленные эффекты МХ. Данная работа представляет обзор имеющихся данных о материнском или точнее материнско-детском микрохиме- ризме и описанных или предполагаемых, на основе экспери- ментальных работ, его последствий.

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