Genes & CellsGenes & CellsГены и КлеткиGenes and Cells2313-18292500-2562Human Stem Cells Institute12159310.23868/gc121593ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleStem cells in carcinogenesis of glioblastoma multiformeСтволовые клетки в канцерогенезе мультиформной глиобластомыBryukhovetskyiIS. SБрюховецкийИ. СBryukhovetskyiaA. S.БрюховецкийА. СKumeikoV. VКумейкоВ. ВMischenkoP. VМищенкоП. ВKhotimchenkoY. SХотимченкоЮ. СA.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the FEB RAS, VladivostokИнститут биологии моря им. А.В. Жирмунского ДВО РАН, ВладивостокFederal Research Centre of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Technologies of the FMBA of Russia, MoscowФедеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА России, МоскваFar Eastern Federal University, VladivostokДальневосточный федеральный университет, Владивосток1508201382VOL 8, NO2 (2013)ТОМ 8, №2 (2013)131911012023Copyright ©; 2013, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2013, Эко-Вектор2013Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121593

Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary brain tumor with a very poor prognosis. Neural stem and progenitor cells of the adult brain, as well as other types of stem cells are considered by carcinogenesis researchers the most likely source of malignant gliomas. This is evidenced by common genes regulating key processes of life, uniform proteomic profiles and identical immunophenotypical cell surface markers. These cells are highly proliferative, multipotent, able to independently migrate to the damaged area and have extensive replicative potential. However, antitumor properties of the stem cells (SCs) are also confirmed. The bodies of adult mammals and humans have genetically fixed mechanisms of control over their populations and multiple levels of antitumor protection. So far, the role of autologous SCs in a tumor patient is not clear. On the one hand, they fail to fulfill their anti-tumor and regulatory functions, and instead of organizing anti-tumor response become one of the key elements of carcinogenesis contributing to the development of neoplastic tumor vascular network and modulating the processes of neurogenesis, which is the main source of its pathological reinnervation, and therefore, a pain. On the other hand, autologous stem cells trigger powerful proliferative processes in the tumor tissue becoming the driving force of neoplastic growth. Apparently, due to the interaction of tumor cells with autologous stem cells, general and local interstitial patterns of autoregulation and sanogenesis are disturbed making tumor growth possible in principle. From this perspective, the technology that directly affects the population of cancer stem cells seems the most promising.

Мультиформная глиобластома — первичная злокачественная опухоль мозга с крайне неблагоприятным прогнозом. Нейральные стволовые и прогениторные клетки взрослого мозга, как и другие типы стволовых клеток, рассматриваются исследователями канцерогенеза как наиболее вероятный источник происхождения злокачественных глиом. Об этом свидетельствуют общность генов, регулирующих ключевые жизненные процессы, сходство проте-омного профиля и единство иммунофенотипических кластеров дифференцировки. Эти клетки обладают высокой пролиферативной активностью, мультипотентны, способны самостоятельно мигрировать в область повреждения, имеют большой репликативный потенциал. Однако доказаны и противоопухолевые свойства стволовых клеток. Организм взрослых млекопитающих и человека располагает генетически закрепленными механизмами контроля над их популяцией и многоуровневой системой противоопухолевой защиты. Но роль собственных стволовых клеток в организме пациента с опухолью неоднозначна. С одной стороны, они перестают выполнять свои регуляторные функции, вместо организации противоопухолевого ответа становясь одним из важнейших звеньев канцерогенеза, способствуя развитию неопластической кровеносной сети опухоли и модулируя процессы нейрогенеза — главного источника её патологической реиннервации, и соответственно, боли. С другой стороны, собственные стволовые клетки запускают мощные пролиферативные процессы в опухолевой ткани, становясь движущей силой неопластического роста. По-видимому, благодаря взаимодействию опухолевых клеток с собственными стволовыми клетками нарушаются общие и местные внутритканевые закономерности ауторегуляции и саногенеза, что делает опухолевый рост принципиально возможным. С этих позиций наиболее перспективными представляются технологии, позволяющие непосредственно влиять именно на популяцию опухолевых стволовых клеток.

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