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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">121571</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc121571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimal decellularization of rat hearts and diaphragms and morphological evaluation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологическая оценка качества децеллюляризации сердца и диафрагмы крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubareva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губарева</surname><given-names>Е. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sotnichenko</surname><given-names>A. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сотниченко</surname><given-names>А. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilevich</surname><given-names>I. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилевич</surname><given-names>И. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Macchiarini</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маккиарини</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">International Research, Clinical and Education Center of Regenerative Medicine, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет, Краснодар Международный научно-исследовательский клинико-образовательный центр регенеративной медицины, Краснодар</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Каролинский институт, Ведущий центр трансляционной регенеративной медицины (ACTREM), Швеция</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 7, NO4 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 7, №4 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-11"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121571">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/121571</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tissue engineering involves the design, evaluation, modification and maintenance of living cells or tissues embedded in biological (natural) or artificial scaffolds. Biological scaffolds need to be decellularized to become completely non-immunogenic while preserving the tissue structure and extracellular matrix. The primary goals of the present paper were to investigate and optimize different decellularization protocols of rats heart and diaphragm and establish the most reliable technique (paraffin vs. cryosections) to evaluate the morphology of the decellularized tissues. Hearts and diaphragm were decellularized with detergent-enzymatic based protocols, including deoxycholate and DNAse. Compared to published decellularization protocols, our was able to reduce exposure time (for heart: up to 3 hours — deoxycholate and 1 hour — DNAse; for diaphragm: up to 6 hours — deoxycholate and 2 hour — DNAse) of detergents and length (up to 24 hours). Results of morfological studies showed the absence of cells and preservation of the extracellular matrix. DNA quantification showed that about 81% and 74% of heart and diaphragm nuclear material, respectively, was removed by the decellularization process. Our results suggest that the investigated decellularization protocol was superior to others in removing DNA content and preserving the ECM of rats hearts and diaphragms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тканевая инженерия включает в себя разработку и модификацию биологических (природных) или искусственных каркасов (носителей), а также оценку и поддержание жизнеспособности клеток или тканей, взаимодействующих с ними. С целью исключения иммунных реакций биологические каркасы должны быть децеллюляризированы, но при этом сохранять исходную структуру ткани и внеклеточного матрикса. Основной целью данного исследования было изучение и оптимизация различных протоколов децеллю- ляризации сердца и диафрагмы крыс и определение наиболее надежной техники гистологического исследования (парафиновые и криосрезы) для оценки морфологии де- целлюляризированных тканей. Сердце и диафрагма были децеллюляризированы с использованием протоколов, основанных на детергент-энзиматическом методе, подразумевающем использование деоксихолата и ДНКазы. В сравнении с протоколами децеллюляризации, представленными в литературе, в предложенных нами протоколах было уменьшено время воздействия детергентов и энзимов: продолжительность действия деоксихолата на сердце составило 3 ч и на диафрагму — 6 ч, а ДНКазы — 1 ч и 2 ч, соответственно, общая продолжительность выполнения каждого протокола была равна 24 ч. Результаты морфологических методов исследования показали отсутствие клеток и сохранность внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ). При количественной оценке ДНК обнаружено, что при проведении децеллюляризации было удалено около 81% ядерного материала в сердце и 74% ядерного материала в диафрагме. В ходе проведенных исследований было установлено, что при использовании описанных протоколов децел- люляризации эффективно снижалось содержание ДНК и отсутствовало повреждение целостности ВКМ сердца и диафрагмы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>decellularization</kwd><kwd>heart</kwd><kwd>diaphragm</kwd><kwd>paraffin</kwd><kwd>cryosections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd><kwd>децеллюляри- зация</kwd><kwd>сердце</kwd><kwd>диафрагма</kwd><kwd>парафиновые срезы</kwd><kwd>криосрезы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Мировая статистика здравоохранения. 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