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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Genes &amp; Cells</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гены и Клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Genes and Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1829</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2500-2562</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Human Stem Cells Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">120461</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23868/gc120461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of sensory maps development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭПИГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СОМАТОСЕНСОРНЫХ КАРТ В КОРЕ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrukhina</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрухина</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology INSERM U901 - INMED, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Aix-Marseille University</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minlebaev</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минлебаев</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology INSERM U901 - INMED, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Aix-Marseille University</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazipov</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазипов</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology INSERM U901 - INMED, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Aix-Marseille University</p></bio><email>Roustem.khazipov@inserm.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Средиземноморский институт нейробиологии INSERM U901 - INMED</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Экс-Марсель</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff4"><institution>Средиземноморский институт нейробиологии INSERM U901 - INMED</institution></aff><aff id="aff5"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff id="aff6"><institution>Университет Экс-Марсель</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO3 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №3 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-05"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/120461">https://genescells.ru/2313-1829/article/view/120461</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the central questions of neurobiology is to understand how during development billions of neurons establish synaptic connections, and what are the roles of genes and activity in the formation of specific neuronal circuits . There are two main theoretical models to describe this developmental process . The model of “tabula rasa” implies that initially there is no order in synaptic connections, and that their initial exuberant number undergoes pruning through the competition of neurons for their targets . Alternative model assumes that development of synaptic connections is strictly determined by genes, through signaling molecules that predefine highly ordered connectivity, and that the activity only plays confirmative roles . In the present review, we describe genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the development of sensory maps in barrel cortex and provide evidence that both mechanisms operate in the development of this system . While genetic mechanisms provide course topography of somatosensory map at subcolumnar precision level in its initial state, sensory-driven activity patterns, which are is expressed in barrel cortex during the critical developmental period support competition between sensory inputs (neighbor whiskers) for the cortical territories to achieve columnar level of precision in somatosensory map by the end of the critical period</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Центральным вопросом нейробиологии развития является вопрос о том, каким образом в процессе онтогенеза миллиарды нейронов устанавливают специфические синаптические связи друг с другом с тем, чтобы в результате сформировать наш мыслящий мозг, и какую роль в этом процессе играют гены и активность . Существует две основные теоретические модели роли генов и активности во время развития . Модель «tabula rasa» предполагает, что не существует никакого исходного порядка в синаптических связях . При этом изначально связи формируются в избыточном количестве, и упорядочивание нейрональной сети обусловлено конкуренцией между пресинаптическими нейронами за клетки-мишени . Альтернативная модель «генетической предопределенности» предполагает, что изначально нейрональные связи устанавливаются строго упорядоченным образом, с помощью специальных сигнальных молекул, обеспечивающих прорастание аксонов в строго заданные участки нервной системы и формирование специфических контактов с клетками-мишенями . Интересно, что обе эти модели имеют существенную экспериментальную доказательную базу . В настоящем обзоре приводится описание генетических и эпигенетических механизмов развития сенсорных карт на модели баррел кортекса и приводится доказательство того, что в развитии этой системы работают оба механизма: в то время как генетические механизмы обеспечивают приблизительную субколончатую топографию соматосенсорной карты в ее изначальной конфигурации, дальнейшая, более тонкая структурная организация карты в виде колонок происходит в результате конкурентной борьбы между соседними сенсорными входами (вибриссами) за кортикальные территории</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>thalamus</kwd><kwd>cortex</kwd><kwd>ion channels</kwd><kwd>glutamate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>развитие</kwd><kwd>нейрон</kwd><kwd>таламус</kwd><kwd>кортекс</kwd><kwd>ионные каналы</kwd><kwd>глутамат</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Woolsey T. 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