Stvolovye kletki v regenerativnoy terapii serdechnykh zabolevaniy: rol' mezhkletochnykh vzaimodeystviy



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Abstract

Заместительная регенеративная клеточная терапия представляет наиболее перспективный инновационный метод в борьбе с последствиями инфаркта миокарда и другими функциональными и структурными изменениями сердца. В качестве материала для клеточной трансплантации и регенерации миокарда наиболее широко используются эмбриональные стволовые и мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, а также некоторые другие типы стволовых и прогениторных клеток. Основная задача, возлагаемая на стволовые клетки - дифференцироваться в функционально активные кардиомиоциты и интегрироваться в ткань миокарда реципиента. Управление дифференцировкой стволовых клеток в миокарде идет за счет влияния микроокружения и прямой межклеточной сигнализации, которая регулирует направление дифференцировки. В настоящее время экспериментально подтверждены три основных типа взаимодействия стволовых/прогениторных клеток с кардиомиоцитами, в той или иной степени связанные с трансдифференцировкой. Это слияние клеток, образование межклеточных контактов классического типа [щелевые «gap» контакты] и недавно описанный тип взаимодействия - туннельные нанотрубочки. В обзоре рассмотрены данные по положительному влиянию стволовых и прогениторных клеток при заболеваниях сердца и роли межклеточных взаимодействий в реализации этих эффектов.

About the authors

EYu Plotnikov

DB Zorov

G T Sukhikh

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